On October 28, to meet the threat posed by the bands of fascist troops now gathering outside Rome, the government of Prime Minister Luigi Facta (which had resigned but continued to hold power) ordered a state of siege for Rome. He further accused Ben Ali of "looking for scapegoats" and dismissed the creation of jobs as empty promises. [31][32], Some analysts[who?] The protests constituted the most dramatic wave of social and political unrest in Tunisia in three decades[12][13] and resulted in scores of deaths and injuries, most of which were the result of action by police and security forces. [54], Violence increased, and protests reached the capital, Tunis,[51] on 27 December where a thousand citizens expressed solidarity[55] with residents of Sidi Bouzid and called for jobs. In response, Italy's Foreign Minister Franco Frattini said that both countries share a "common interest" to halt the immigration, while he also offered "logistical help in terms of police and equipment" and called to re-establish previously successful coastal patrols of Northern Africa. Traveling from Milan by train, Mussolini arrived in Rome on October 30, before the actual entry of the fascist forces. The United Nations approves the recognition of South Korea. [105] The national army was reported to be extensively deployed in Tunisia,[105] including elements loyal to Ben Ali. The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. [43], On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and five major newspapers (Spain's El Pas, France's Le Monde, Germany's Der Spiegel, the United Kingdom's The Guardian, and the United States' The New York Times) simultaneously published the first 220 of 251,287 leaked documents labeled confidential. The election appointed members to a Constituent Assembly charged with rewriting Tunisia's Constitution. [167], The International Organisation for Migration said that no new boats had been spotted. The comments started a row between the two countries with the Tunisian Foreign Ministry saying it was ready to work with Italy and others but that it "categorically rejects any interference in its internal affairs or any infringement of its sovereignty." The Peaceful Revolution (German: Friedliche Revolution), as a part of the Revolutions of 1989, was the process of sociopolitical change that led to the opening of East Germany's borders with the west, the end of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in the German Democratic Republic (GDR or "East Germany") and the transition to a parliamentary democracy, which The protests were sparked by the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi on 17 December 2010. Janes | The latest defence and security news from Janes - the trusted source for defence intelligence (18 January 2011) ", Tunisian Observatory for Food Sovereignty and the Environment, Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties, International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International reactions to the Tunisian revolution, Internet Politics and political revolutions, "Tunisian prime minister Mohamed Ghannouchi resigns amid unrest", "Tunisia forms national unity government amid unrest", "Tunisia set to release political prisoners", "Tunisia election delayed until 23 October", "Thousands protest before Tunisia crisis talks", Report: 338 killed during Tunisia revolution, "How Tunisia's revolution began Features", "Tunisia riots: Reform or be overthrown, US tells Arab states amid fresh riots", "Tunisia's Protest Wave: Where It Comes From and What It Means for Ben Ali | The Middle East Channel", "Tunisian president vows to punish rioters after worst unrest in a decade", Tunisia suicide protester Mohammed Bouazizi dies, "Slap to a Man's Pride Set Off Tumult in Tunisia", "How a Single Match Can Ignite a Revolution", "Tunisia: President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali forced out", "Uprising in Tunisia: People Power topples Ben Ali regime", "Trade unions: the revolutionary social network at play in Egypt and Tunisia", "The Nobel Peace Prize 2015 Press Release", "The Sidi Bouzid Revolution: Ben Ali flees as protests spread in Tunisia", "Sidi Bou Zid: A Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia", "Online Reports Detail Chaos, Deaths in Tunisia", "Tunisia's 'Jasmine Revolution' jolts Arab world", "Tunisia's revolution of dignity and freedom cannot be colour-coded", "Why you shouldn't call it the "Jasmine Revolution", "Tunisia: The end of an era | Al Jazeera Blogs", "Deadly Riots in Tunisia Shut Down Schools", "Redeyef, the precursor of the Tunisian revolution", The Revolutionary Chants of Club Africain Ultras, "Riots reported in Tunisian city Africa Al Jazeera English", "Tunisia: The battle of Sidi Bouzid Opinion Al Jazeera English", "Social and Political Geography of the Tunisian Revolution", "Food Sovereignty and the Environment: an interview with Habib Ayeb", "Bouazizi: The Man Who Set Himself and Tunisia on Fire", "Suicide protest helped topple Tunisian regime", "Tunisian who sparked rare protests dies: relatives -Reuters", "WikiLeaks cables: Tunisia blocks site reporting 'hatred' of first lady", "Images posted on social-network sites show police intervening to halt disturbances ignored by national media", "A protester dies after being shot by police, as activists criticise government repression of protests", "Protester dies in Tunisia clash: Several wounded in Sidi Bouzid as demonstrations against unemployment turn violent", "El Gnral and the Rap Anthem of the Mideast Revolution", "video: today a young unemployed man trying to commit a suicide in El Hamma #sidibouzid", "Violent clashes continue in Tunisia Africa", "Rioting spreads across Tunisia; unrest also reported in Algeria", "Tunisia unrest spreads to capital Africa", "Tunisia imposes curfew in Tunis to quell protests", "Protests organized by Hizb ut-Tahrir calling for the re-establishment of the Islamic caliphate", "Call for re-establishing Caliphate in streets of Tunisia and freeing political prisoners", UNESCO, French government call for investigation of Lucas Dolega's death [update 7], "Tunisian president removes ministers after protests", "More heads roll in Tunisian social crisis", "Tunisian leader promises new jobs Africa", Tunisia arrests bloggers and rapper Africa, "el gnral, the voice of Tunisia, english subtitles", "Tunisia protests: Cyber war mirrors unrest on streets", "Tunisian Blogger Slim Amamou Arrested Jillian C. York", "Tunisian dissident blogger takes job as minister", "Turmoil in Tunisia: As it happened on Monday", "Tunis-based netizens Slim Amamou and Azyz Amamy arrested | Reporters without borders", Tunisia releases opposition Communist leader: party, "Tunisia closes schools and universities following riots", "Ben Ali rules out 'presidency for life' as chaos spreads", "Tunisian PM takes over as interim president as Ben Ali flees", "Tunisia President Hands Power to Prime Minister", "Tunisian president declares state of emergency and sacks government", "Prime minister takes over as Ben Ali flees Tunisian turmoil", "Egypt's Military Tightens Control Over Regime", "New Change of Power Raises Questions in Tunisia", "Unrest engulfs Tunisia after president flees", "Tunisia's interim president backs a unity govt", "En Tunisie, le nouvel excutif prpare les lections", "Trois chefs de l'opposition dans le gouvernement tunisien, actualit Reuters", "Paris prt bloquer les comptes du clan Ben Ali en France", "1,000 Inmates Freed Amid Tunisia Unrest", "Tunis gun battles erupt after Ben Ali aide arrested", "Tunisia PM to unveil new government Africa", "Tunisia's taste of internet freedom Opinion". [126], On 20January, Zouhair M'Dhaffer, a close confidant of Ben Ali, resigned from the government. The lack of coverage in the domestic state-controlled media was criticised. The Peaceful Revolution (German: Friedliche Revolution), as a part of the Revolutions of 1989, was the process of sociopolitical change that led to the opening of East Germany's borders with the west, the end of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in the German Democratic Republic (GDR or "East Germany") and the transition to a parliamentary democracy, which 2020. Teri Hatcher, actress; Lois Lane on Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman TV series; won Golden Globe for Best Actress as Susan Mayer on Desperate Housewives TV series. Ed has planted, revitalized, and pastored churches, trained pastors and church planters on six continents, holds two masters degrees and two doctorates, and has written dozens of articles and books. Hamdi says she called the police who then beat Bouazizi. It proclaims that Education shall be free, compulsory, universal and equal for all children; that Higher education and technical training shall be opened to all by means of state allowances and scholarships awarded on the basis of merit; and that Adult illiteracy shall be ended by a Historynet.com is brought to you by Historynet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines.Historynet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 11,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. Casino Royale McLintock! He concluded that there were two scenarios that could play out: "a greater democratic opening across the Arab world," or a similar situation to Algeria in the early 1990s when the democratic election was annulled and Algeria went into a civil war. Public outrage quickly grew over the incident, leading to protests. Mokhtar Trifi, president of the Tunisian Human Rights League (LTDH), said that lawyers across Tunisia had been "savagely beaten". The Romanian Revolution (Romanian: Revoluia Romn), also known as the Christmas Revolution (Romanian: Revoluia de Crciun), was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world. 2020. ", "Tunisia's caretaker government in peril as four ministers quit,", "Protesters Say Ruling Party in Tunisia Must Dissolve,", "Tunisia announces withdrawal of 3 ministers from unity gov't: TV", "Tunisia: Violence As New Govt Announced", "Tunisia: New government leaders quit ruling party", "Regierungsbildung in Tunesien: Ben Alis Partei ohne Politbro", "Tunisian PM Pledges To Quit Politics After Elections", "Tunisia announces major cabinet reshuffle after protest", Most Members of Old Cabinet in Tunisia Step Down, Tunisian labor union backs reshuffle of interim government, "Mouldi Kefi est le nouveau Ministre des Affaires Etrangres", "Tunisian gov't reaches agreement with labor union on governor nomination People's Daily Online", "Middle East rulers make concessions Middle East", "Tunisian police fire on crowd, killing 2", "Tunisia calls up reserve troops amid unrest", "Tunisian lawmakers approve emergency powers", "Tunisia's Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali 'seriously ill', "Tunisian PM says general amnesty to be proclaimed this week People's Daily Online", "Tunisia protests resume for second straight day amid uncertainty of future government", "Thousands call for setting up parliamentary system in Tunisia People's Daily Online", "Tunisian PM Mohammed Ghannouchi resigns over protests", "Tunisian prime minister resigns amid renewed protests", "/ Middle East & North Africa Two more Tunisian ministers resign", "Tunisia to elect constituent assembly on 24 July, says president FOCUS Information Agency", "Tunisia's interim president announces election of constitutional council People's Daily Online", "Tunisia interim leaders dissolve secret police agency", "Tunisia issues warrant for ousted leader, family members", "Tunisia's former President Ben Ali faces 18 charges", "Italy declares migrant emergency Europe", "Tunisia: Italy Asks Eu To Start Frontex Mission", "Italy 'to deploy police to Tunisia' to tackle migration", "Italy struggles with Tunisia influx Africa", "Tunisia: further decline in Tunis stock market for third consecutive day", "Tunisia Stocks Slump to Year-Low as Troops Deployed to Tunis Amid Curfew", "Tunisia c.bank CDS at 18-mth high of 154 bps-CMA", "Second Tunisian minister quits, bourse suspended", "Activist crackdown: Tunisia vs Iran Opinion", "How a man setting fire to himself sparked an uprising in Tunisia", "La calamiteuse gestion de la crise tunisienne par la diplomatie franaise calvero sur", "France: Our Embarrassing Ex Friend, Monsieur Ben Ali", "Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution, and how mobile phones helped it happen", "Today Is this the 'Arab world's Gdansk? The Vietnam War draft lottery ran from 1969 to 1972. [158], In mid-April, charges were announced against Ben Ali, for whom international arrest warrants were issued in January. The March on Rome was not the conquest of power that Mussolini later called it but rather a transfer of power within the framework of the constitution, a transfer made possible by the surrender of public authorities in the face of fascist intimidation. [129] The next day, Ghannouchi committed to resigning after holding transparent and free elections within six months. 2021. Exclusive: Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland engineered Ukraines regime change in early 2014 without weighing the likely chaos and consequences. Police brutality was a major contribution to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and Khaled Said's death, even though his arrest happened at 6pm. [103] There were also calls by the opposition to delay the elections, holding them in six or seven months with international supervision. [181], Larbi Sadiki suggested that although "conventional wisdom has it that 'terror' in the Arab world is monopolised by al-Qaeda in its various incarnations", there was also the fact that "regimes in countries like Tunisia and Algeria have been arming and training security apparatuses to fight Osama bin Laden [but] were [still] caught unawares by the 'bin Laden within': the terror of marginalisation for the millions of educated youth who make up a large portion of the region's population. This was a false story, which "had been disseminated and used to mobilize as much as possible against the Ben Ali regime. [127][128] The new government announced in its first sitting that all political prisoners would be freed and all banned parties would be legalised. The Journal of the Middle East and Africa Vol. [53] Rapper El Gnral, whose songs had been adopted by protesters, was arrested on 24December but released several days later after "an enormous public reaction". Corrections? He also said that the protests that succeeded in toppling the leadership should serve as a "warning to all leaders, whether supported by international or regional powers, that they are no longer immune to popular outcries of fury" even though Tunisia's ostensible change "could still be contained or confiscated by the country's ruling elite, which is desperately clinging to power." A "quasi-curfew" was then imposed on the city by police. The Romanian Revolution started in the city of Timioara and soon spread [161], In mid-February 2011, about 4,000 mostly Tunisian refugees landed on the Italian island of Lampedusa, causing the authorities to declare a state of emergency[163] that would allow for federal aid to the island. This was seen as meeting one of the protesters' demands,[133] and the UGTT stated its support for the reorganised cabinet. The riots went largely unnoticed, though social media sites disseminated images of police dispersing youths who attacked shop windows and damaged cars. On October 24, 1922, the fascist party leaders planned an insurrection to take place on October 28, consisting of a march on Rome by the fascist armed squads known as Blackshirts and the capture of strategic local places throughout Italy. Mike Pences actions on the day of infamy that saw an unhinged, vicious mob storm and ransack the U.S. Capitol were correct, courageous, informed by conscience, and fortified by prayer. A column of the U.S. 1st Marine Division's infantry and armor moves through Chinese lines during their breakout from the Chosin Reservoir UN landing at Incheon harbor, starting point of the Battle of Incheon; Korean refugees in front of a U.S. M46 Patton tank U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Baldomero Lopez, landing at Incheon; F-86 Sabre fighter aircraft The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. He further added that if the change was ultimately successful in Tunisia it could "push the door wide open to freedom in Arab world. [95] His aircraft landed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, after France rejected a request to land on its territory. After more than twenty years, Questia is discontinuing operations as of Monday, December 21, 2020. France, the former colonial power of Tunisia, was one of just a few states that expressed strong support for the Ben Ali government prior to its ouster, though protests were held in solidarity with Tunisia in several French cities and bhag French Socialist Party voiced support for the popular revolution. [56] The following day, the Tunisian Federation of Labour Unions held another rally in Gafsa which was also blocked by security forces. The name "Jasmine Revolution" originated from American journalist Andy Carvin, but it was not widely adopted in Tunisia itself. Russian Revolution of 1917, Revolution that overthrew the imperial government and placed the Bolsheviks in power.Increasing governmental corruption, the reactionary policies of Tsar Nicholas II, and catastrophic Russian losses in World War I contributed to widespread dissatisfaction and economic hardship.In February 1917 riots over food scarcity broke out in Petrograd (St. The United States conducts the longest, most effective air raid on the Pacific island of Iwo Jima. [104], Following Ben Ali's departure, violence and looting continued[105] and the capital's main train station was torched. [52] Police claimed they shot the demonstrators in "self-defence". Latest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. It led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orlans. March on Rome, the insurrection by which Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in late October 1922. [63], In response to 11 January protests, police used riot gear to disperse protesters ransacking buildings, burning tyres, setting fire to a bus and burning two cars in the Tunis working-class suburb of Ettadhamen-Mnihla. It was initially reported that in response the policewoman insulted his deceased father and slapped him. [66], Hizb ut-Tahrir organised protests after Friday prayer on 14January to call for re-establishing the Islamic caliphate. [74] The next day he also announced the dismissal of the governors of Sidi Bouzid, Jendouba and Zaghouan. French management of the crisis came under severe criticism,[176] with notable silence in the mainstream media in the run-up to the crisis. He operated a vegetable or apple cart (the contents of the cart are disputed) for seven years in Sidi Bouzid, 300kilometres (190miles) south of Tunis. This would likely postpone general elections to a later date. There is something horrifying and, in a way, moving about these suicide attempts. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [needs update] German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that "not everyone who does not want to be in Tunisia can come to Europe. [132], On 27January, Ghannounchi reshuffled his cabinet, with six former-RCD members departing the interim government. [28], The debate surrounding the name and the poetic influences behind the Tunisian revolution was a popular question among Tunisian intellectuals. A diplomatic standoff ensued. [122][123][124], There were daily protests that members of Ben Ali's RCD party were in the new government. "[42], Twenty-six-year-old Mohamed Bouazizi had been the sole income earner in his extended family of eight. [194], 20102011 revolution that overthrew President Ben Ali, "December Revolution" redirects here. [39] Writer/activist Jillian York alleged that the mainstream media, particularly in the Western world, was providing less coverage and less sympathetic coverage to the Tunisia protests relative to Iranian protests, the Green movement, and censorship in China. Marvel Contest of Champions. Its stated goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society.The Revolution This meant that the army, which might have stopped Mussolini, was not called on to oppose the fascists. Latest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. [157] A Tunis court announced the dissolution of the RCD and liquidation of its assets, though the party said it would appeal the decision. Breaking news from the premier Jamaican newspaper, the Jamaica Observer. Bouazizi, who had had such an event happen to him before, tried to pay the 10-dinars fine (a day's wages, equivalent to US$3). The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. He thinks "this is going to be the same old story. Trailers & Extras; Digital Series; All Video; Trending Video. People were barred from gathering in groups of more than three, and could be arrested or shot if they tried to run away. A diplomatic standoff ensued. [88], On 10 January, the government announced the indefinite closure of all schools and universities in order to quell the unrest. March on Rome, the insurrection by which Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in late October 1922. Residents who were running out of necessary food supplies had armed themselves and barricaded their homes, and in some cases had formed armed neighborhood watches. Stay up to date on Skype news. It eventually led to a thorough democratisation of the country and to free and democratic elections.[8]. TANGLED WEB Tunisia: Can We Please Stop Talking About 'Twitter Revolutions'? [116] YouTube and DailyMotion became available after Ben Ali's ouster,[117] and the Tor anonymity network reported a surge of traffic from Tunisia.[118]. Saudi Arabia cited "exceptional circumstances" for their heavily criticised decision to give him asylum, saying it was also "in support of the security and stability of their country". Discover articles and insights by Ed Stetzer, Ph.D. on ChurchLeaders.com. The Ghannouchi administration (15 January 27February 2011) was a caretaker government with the primary goal of maintaining the state and providing a legal framework for new elections. The term Arab Spring is an allusion to the Revolutions of 1848, which are sometimes referred to as the "Springtime of Nations", and the Prague Spring in 1968, in which a Czech student, Jan Palach, set himself on fire as Mohamed Bouazizi did. The official reason given was to protect Tunisians and their property. He also pointed out that the "despot" Ben Ali sought refuge in the same place as the ousted Idi Amin of Uganda and that "the French and the Germans and the Brits, dare we mention this, always praised the dictator for being a 'friend' of civilized Europe, keeping a firm hand on all those Islamists." Hearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. It led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orlans. If you have any questions likely postpone general elections to a Constituent Assembly charged rewriting... Happened at 6pm lack of coverage in the domestic state-controlled media was criticised, Some analysts [ who ]! ] police claimed they shot the demonstrators in `` self-defence ''. [ 8 ] 126 ] the! 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