If a battery is connected to a loop of wire and a lightbulb, the battery provides voltage to push the electrons through the lightbulbs, therefore creating current and making the bulbs light up. Every time you group panels together in series, whether is 2, 4, 10, 100, etc. With the same constant load in my tab. Also, wiring your solar panels in series has a higher output voltage while keeping the amperage the same. Im sure you understand that theyre different electrical wiring systems, but what exactly does each mean? If you wire several panels in series , the output voltages of the panels add together, but the output amperage remains the same as it is for a single panel. No it doesn't. It may produce about 250Voc and about 200Vmp, but it only produces the current of ONE panel, presumably about 8.25A. Solar Load Calculator For Off-Grid and RV Solar Power Systems; Free . ODM4YmNiODlhZGRhNmExM2RhMDAwYjkzZDgyNzkwYzJmNTg2NDFhOGM2ZGI4 Total voltage = 20 Volts x 3 + 25 Volts x 1 = 85 Volts, Total current = 3 Amps (taking the lowest rating), Total power = 85 Volts x 3 Amps = 255 Watts. Another factor that determines how many solar panels you need is the size of your home or business. Generated by Wordfence at Thu, 8 Dec 2022 0:45:21 GMT.Your computer's time: document.write(new Date().toUTCString());. This will increase our amp/hour storage while maintaining the same voltage. If not enough sunlight is present, the solar panels' voltage can drop below the battery's . If you have two solar panels, use a 2-to-1 branch connector. In the above figure, 4 x 100w panels, each with a rated voltage of 17.9V and a current of 5.72A The first pair of panels in the series can produce 35.8 volts and 5.72 amps. I'm trying to leave room in case I want additional panels later. Series Wiring Wiring panels in series entails connecting the NEGATIVE wire of one panel to the POSITIVE wire of a second panel. That means, if you wire panels with different wattages, the overall outcome won't be affected. The most significant difference between wiring solar panels in series vs parallel is the output voltage and amperage . The ohm is the unit we used to measure electrical resistance. When solar panels are wired in parallel, the positive terminals of one panel are connected to the positive terminals of another panel, and the negative terminals of both panels are connected. Trust me; its simple. Most string inverters have an operational voltage window between 300 and 500 volts. After the combiner box, we have successfully wired the panels in parallel which means we need to add the amps and leave the volts alone. We talk about electricity in terms of volts, amps, ohms, and watts. This means that if your home is 300 square feet, you will need between 75 and 100 solar panels. Now you have a good idea about the differences between serial and parallel wiring systems. A Complete Note on Solar Panel Installation with Calculation & Examples. Remember panels in series will have higher voltages than parallel wired arrays. MWM2MTczNGNiNDkwNDdiMjRjNDUwN2YxZjUyNjc4MTE1NjBhMDZjMDc3OTNi Wiring in series is done by joining the positive wire of one solar panel to the negative wire of another panel. Why series is more efficient for Van mounted solar systems. Wednesday at 6:11 PM. There are two different ways to wire solar panels: series and parallel. Usually, this is accomplished by using special branch connectors made just for this purpose. Affiliate Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate, EXPLORIST.life earns from qualifying purchases..Need Printable/Downloadable Camper Wiring Diagrams? The main difference between wiring solar panels in series or parallel is the output voltage and current. Series and parallel wiring can both be utilized to maximize power generation without blowing any fuses. Would you suggest I go a different route? Here are the pros of series solar panels: Less Wiring is Used: The more wire that is required, the more expensive a project is and the more difficult the installation. Lets switch over to the other side of the page and run-down the parallel system.Starting at the top, weve got the same 175w panels. OTEzZTEyMjFjYTNhZDg3NzlhYzIyZDc3M2RlMGVhMGM5YTRmMmRiMGNlZjlj Dont Miss: What Is The Benefit Of Llc Over Sole Proprietorship. MjNlNTcwNjk4MDM1MTExZWE3YzE3NDQ0MTQwNTRlYmY2YzYxNzYxOTkyM2Q3 Max voltage is in the 17.something range. It will cost you more in wiring, but it is worth it. Well, the Watt is the unit that we used to measure the powerof an electrical system. I have four 100W panels wired in series. decide between parallel or series wiring for our solar install. Similarly, designing an array with these eight panels in parallel would create an amperage thats quite high . Bumping the voltage up by wiring your solar array in series will minimize the loss if the wire run between the panels and the controller is particularly long. In a series connection, the NEGATIVE output cable of the first panel is connected to the POSITIVE output cable of the second panel. This is a huge oversimplification, but more amps (faster current) mean more power overall, and the solar panels will produce more power in less time than it would take for solar panels wired in series to produce the same amount of power. We dont join any of the solar panels together. Finally, the POSITIVE cable of the first panel and the NEGATIVE cable of the last panel are connected to the solar charge controller. Getting solar panels for your RV is a smart choice, but when stepping into the world of solar panels, its easy to feel bogged down by questions. I realize my voltage will be a little higher than 150 with 14 panels. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You're a genius in my eyes. Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. In an RV you want to harvest every watt you can. And if you lower the water pressure, then the rate of flow will decrease. We still lose a little power when connecting our panels in parallel, but this time its only 375 360 = 15 Watts. But remember, its more complicated and expensive to wire and connect your solar panel system in parallel. . On the other hand, when you wire solar panels in . Thus, many solar enthusiasts like the simplicity of the series wiring system.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'solarproguide_com-small-rectangle-1','ezslot_28',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-solarproguide_com-small-rectangle-1-0'); Easier For Long Wire Runs: The knowledge that there are fewer wires to deal with also works into this pro as series-wired solar panels are preferred if you need to run a long wire. NDg0MWNjYzQzNTNlMzdmYjQ1MGQ4MTc0ZmQxMDA1YzhlMWU5OWQ5ZjM0ZGQ0 Meaning that you get the same amount of theoretical power from two 100W panels in series as you do from two 100W panels in parallel when using an MPPT controller. Thick, copper wire can be very expensive. If you expect shade, use parallel connections. This is important in case the panel malfunctions. Your explanations of series versus parallel have compelled me to change direction. Then, when the series strings are wired together in parallel, the currents are summed and the voltage will be equal to that of the series string with the lowest voltage rating. So if you wire together a 100-watt solar panel and a 175-watt solar panel in parallel, youll get a total of 275 watts. MDYwMWIwNTI4YzZlNWQyMzM5YWVlMTJmN2I1Y2ZhYTMyYzFlYWE4MmYwZjdh You can choose to wire up your home solar system in a series or a parallel arrangement. Heres what happens if we Express this using our water example. But this also means that the voltage is going to be different for each element in the circuit. Wiring them in parallel also means that if one of the solar panels stops functioning properly (for whatever reason), the rest of the solar panels will keep on functioning just fine since the circuit wont be broken. So, if you connect two solar panels with a rated voltage of 40 volts and a rated amperage of 5 amps in series, the voltage of the series would be 80 volts, while the amperage would remain at 5 amps. When it comes to solar energy, series connection vs parallel connection is a big decision to make. Welcome to EXPLORIST.life. Series VS Parallel Wiring for RV Solar Panels 2 Day Test | Sota Solar - Offgrid & RV Solar Systems Design & Installation Blog Previous Installations About Contact Call or TXT (763) 639-3584 Solar Systems For Batteries Installation & Service Home Blog Series VS Parallel Wiring for RV Solar Panels 2 Day Test Posted on : 26 Aug 2022 Tags: Now, we need to talk about breakers because we all know that none of this matters if your wires rub through, short out, and catch your camper on fire. He currently has 3 140w Kyocera panels wired in parallel. This can be done with the usual MC-4 solar panel connectors. In most commercial installations usually the parallel or series -both combinations used in the wiring. When batteries are wired in Series, the voltage is added. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. This is principal to use one type of connection for one solar panels array The first step is to confirm the solar capacity you want to install. Using our water example, amps represent the rate of flow. A common solution is a "series-parallel" system. Im going to be talking about electrical circuits, which are simply paths through which electrons flow. The duration of time that a solar panel will take to pay for itself is How Much do Clouds Affect My Solar Power? The same wire with 12 volts at 16 amps (still 192 watts) will . Second step is to understand how many solar panels you need. A solar panel consists of a number of cells in series, which makes up a total voltage of around 17 to 23 Volts for a 12Volt panel. Its a simple way to see how the three main units of electrical measurement are interrelated. A PV output circuit is created when many panels are connected in parallel. We'll use all three frequently in this article, so DIY solar newbies should read this section. In parallel, the positive terminals of all panels are connected and the negative terminals are connected. gkerlin Solar Expert Posts: 27 January 2014 in General Solar Power Topics #1 I'm boon docking here in Quartzsite and a buddy of mine came to me with a question. YTIyOGYzNTUxZWM3MDMwYmI3ZWRjYzJmYjI4N2E2NThjYTcwZThmOTNlNDM2 Its important to understand that wiring your solar panels in parallel requires more equipment. OGI1OWM0YWUzY2Q5MmE3NmQ4OWRjMDczMTk5ODVmYzdlY2Q5NDQ2NDlhOGU2 Finally, lets look at connecting solar panels in series with completely different nominal voltages and different current ratings. For example, if you have a 400 watt set up, our suggestion is to series connect two panels and then parallel connect everything together. If circuits are broken (if the loop is stopped because an element stops working, or if the wires arent connected anymore), then the electricity will stop flowing. ODExNTliMGYwMDkwNWM1ZDAzNGNiM2Q4OWZlYmIyM2UyNzgxNDc3M2YwYjE2 Solar panels arent using up energy from batteries; theyre providing the energy, which means different things for parallel and series circuits. It has an impact on your systems performance as well as the inverter youll be able to use. All the positive poles of the solar panels are connected together by a combined connector, and all the negative poles are connected together by a combined connector. Which configuration will give you the most power? This same reason is also why our panels will start charging earlier in the day and later into the evening as the sun angles are low. Differences Between Series and Parallel Solar Panel Installation. As the temperature of the PV modules in a solar panel heats above 25C, there is a drop in the voltage that the panel can produce. In fact, by wiring several solar panels in series we increase the voltage (keeping the same current), while wiring them in parallel we increase the current (keeping the same voltage). The electrons are restricted to one path, so the flow rate of that path isnt going to change depending on where in the circuit an electron is. Using amplifier from 0,9V to get 5V output (500mA-500mA max = my target power). Voltage is the electromagnetic force that pushes the electrons along in the circuit. Voc 24.3, Isc 5.21, Vmp 20.4, Imp 4.91. MGIyYjdlY2U2N2IzYTI5YjFkODA3MGEzOTdhNjAzOWY1ZWI1MGQ2YmM4MThk When it comes down to it, parallel has a higher power output, and the entire system of solar panels wont be rendered useless if one of them stops working for some reason. This means that in parallel circuits, the voltage will stay the same throughout the circuits because the voltage only has to push each individual electron through one lightbulb (instead of two, like in series). , with your information I have made a considered decision to wire my panels on my Narrowboat to series configuration, many thanks for your expert help, regards, Sean Grant. ODE3NjA3MzYwYzY1MGViZTUxYWQwNzJjZDA2Y2ZhMDY0NTQ0ZTcwODg3NDQ0 200w = I*12v 16.666A. Even those of us who live in near perpetual sun 2022 Copyright Completely Solar Powered. Regardless of voltage, though, when working with solar panels, its a good idea to cover them up or flip them over when possible so they are off. Some people prefer solar panel circuits that are combinations of series and parallel wiring, and a professional can tell you exactly what each circuit system means for your solar panels and RV. Jan 28, 2022. Parallel connection In parallel, as long as the solar panels have the same output voltage, they can be connected in parallel to the controller for use. Well use an example of a series circuit connecting four 100 Watt solar panels. A PV source circuit is formed when two or more solar panels are connected in this manner. DIY wiring diagrams for 100W, 200W, 300W, 400W, 600W, 800W kits. If you have any comments or questions on this article about series versus parallel solar panels, then please share them here. Go as high in voltage as the input of your solar charge controller permits. Trust me its simple. NDUyYzkxMzA5ZTNkMWZlN2Y1MGNjOGEzNWJiMzlhMDRhZTBiZjFlNzdmYTQ1 Instead, increase the standalone battery capacity to decrease the number of paralleled strings. To keep it simple, well use whole numbers. Solar panels that are wired in PARALLEL generate more power without going past voltage limits and the circuit won't break even if one of them stops working. So if you have a 12V panel running at 8 amps in series with a 24 volt panel running at 4 amps then the series will output 36V at 4 amps. The choice of series connection or parallel connection for your solar charging panel mainly depends on the demand of your electrical equipment and the surrounding environment. Dramatic, yes; but lets get to it. For solar panels wired in parallel, you need to have a breaker/fuse on each of the sets of wires going to each panel (3), a disconnect (or breaker) on the wires going from the combiner box to the charge controller, and another breaker on the wires going from the charge controller to the batteries for a total of 6 breakers. But I believe that we can use combined connection System by using both connection way for one array So if one of the lightbulbs burns out in a series circuit, the entire circuit will stop, since the electrons only path to travel has been effectively broken. In our water pipe analogy, voltage represents the waters pressure. In a parallel system, each solar panels positive terminal is connected to the next panels positive terminal, and negative terminals are also connected to one another. So when you have two solar panels(the same type), you have the option to connect them in series (like our two 6v batteries) or in parallel (negative to negative, positive tp positive). Also, parallel wiring also requires special branch connectors or combiner box, rather than the usual MC-4 connectors. It is the reverse of the series circuit as it is ideal for boosting the system's current (amperage). So instead of a battery pushing voltage through the solar panels to provide power, the solar panels will be collecting power from the sun and pushing electrons through the wires, charging up the charging battery (or grid) with power to be used in your RV. Total power = 80 Volts x 5 Amps = 400 Watts. Then do the same thing with a second set of panels mounted at the rear of your RV. Connecting solar panels in parallel is just the opposite of series connection and is used to increase the total output current of the array, and hence the total output power while keeping the same voltage. When panels are wired in series, they all in a sense depend on each other. Corresponding RV solar wiring diagram. This involves creating two series, then wiring those two series in parallel. By connecting your panels in series and then parallel connecting the series you will get the benefit of higher the efficiency and the ability to have separately functioning panels. This arrangement is therefore best for most RV applications that will see variable shading across the roof of the RV at times. Riverside County, CA. For simplicity sake, the above diagram does not include solar fuses. Lets start with solar panels in series: Starting at the top; weve got 3, 175W panels with stats of 19.05V and 9.18A. Your access to this site was blocked by Wordfence, a security provider, who protects sites from malicious activity. Y2JjZmUxN2VkMzk0NjA1YTRlN2ZkYTQ2NjIxNWZhOGVhMDE2NDQyMGQ4MGY3 MTQxYTc0ZTQ3NGQyOTFjMDE4ZWI4NjcwN2RmNDkwZGI5M2VhYzM4NTk1ODhj Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. So if you have 6 x 100W solar panels connected in a series at 5A and 20V each, you get 60V and 5A. If you want to charge a battery, the voltage has to stay above the battery's voltage, which is typically between 12-14 Volts. If you want to know more about how parallel-wired solar panels work, Click Here to read an article that goes into greater detail. Check them out here:https://www.explorist.life/solarwiringdiagrams/, Remember, this is just one part of a full camper van electrical educational series. If you use a hosepipe, the power of the jet is determined by both the water pressure and the speed at which the water is coming out of the hose. This is the total power of 375 Amps. String inverters have a rated voltage window that they need from the solar panels in order to operate. And so on. Youll need to consider your options, and decide what is the best system for you. That example is just for a 3 panel system. If we wire four 100 amp/hour batteries together in Parallel, our system will have 400 total amp/hours of energy at 12 volts. They dont have to travel through both lightbulbs; in fact, they cant. Again the output amperage will remain the same as before at 3.0 amps but the voltage output jumps to 21 volts . not really a debate as there is a clear choice for 90% of camper builds: C. Cesar Garza. You can check that out here:https://www.explorist.life/how-to-choose-a-solar-charge-controller-for-your-camper/, Everything that you are learning here is put to use in our FREE Interactive SolarWiring Diagrams. Series and parallel wiring can both be utilized to maximize power generation without blowing any fuses. Any more than that would exceed the maximum voltage the inverter could handle. 40' 10 AWG. ZDQ3MjAxNTZjNGZjZDIyZThhOWNiZTlkZjFlZTEwOGIxNTBhNGVmNGM0NGUw NWFiNzQ2MTU4Yjk5YzgzNjZkZTJlMzA4NWFkZGQ3ZmNkNzg5YjY2YTU2NTc4 Thank you so much. Before we can get into the pros and cons of each, its important to step back and understand what exactly parallel and series circuits mean. Instead, if you widen the pipes, then water will flow more slowly. The amps of electrical current for each solar panel are summed together, but the system voltage stays the same. In one spot of my RV roof I can easily install 11 panels of Renogy 100w (RNG-100D-SS). ZGRjMzE3YjU5ZTQ1ODY4NmQ0OTZiZmE1MTQ4NDkxN2M0MjNmYzU3OTZlZjc0 Series and Parallel. There are two ways to wire together your RV solar panels; you can wire them in series, or parallel. If you have a PWM charge controller, it will be better to wire your solar panels in parallel keeping in mind you may need thicker cable. The inverter MPPT inputs are rated at 250V maximum and the recommended minimum is 90V. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. Recently weve been getting a ton of comments arguing for wiring solar panels in parallel and they always go something like this:I want max solar output from my solar panels and if I wire in series, park under a tree, and get shading on part of my array, It significantly decreases power to the entire array.andI want max solar output from my solar panels and if I wire in series and a panel breaks It significantly decreases power to the entire array. In most crystalline solar panels, the open circuit voltage is around 40 Volts. Well. Parallel Solar Panel Connections If you have multiple solar panels, the first step of the wiring process is to decide whether to wire the solar panels together in "series" or in "parallel". More wires are also heavier, bulkier, and harder to work with. A series-parallel connection is accomplished by using both a series and a parallel connection. Parallel Connection and Guidance to Set Up. NjYyYWNmZDI0NGRmOGEyNTk0MGM3YTkwZDU2MWFjMmNlZjViMGIyZDY0Yzky For example, series circuits favor MPPT charge controllers, while parallel models generally work best with PWM types. Solar Panels in Series vs Parallel: The great debate. Let's start with solar panels in series: Voltage & Amps of Solar Panels Wired in Series Starting at the top; we've got 3, 175W panels with stats of 19.05V and 9.18A. Solar calculator for RV or camper van conversions. Now, we are going to be doing some math here, but if your eyes glaze over at this part, just push through! Plus, if you are off grid and want to travel, having more wires might get in your way. Also, a particular panel may be receiving less sunlight because of shade. I swapped my panels from series to parallel connection in both full sun and part shade. At the bottom of the diagram below, you can see the hardware parts list, side-by-side, showing what it takes to wire solar panels in series vs parallel: Recently weve been getting a ton of comments arguing for wiring solar panels in parallel and they always go something like this:I want max solar output from my solar panels and if I wire in series, park under a tree, and get shading on part of my array, It significantly decreases power to the entire array.andI want max solar output from my solar panels and if I wire in series and a panel breaks It significantly decreases power to the entire array.. Wiring your solar panels in parallel means that you need cabling and components rated for high Amperage. -----END REPORT-----. MPPT. You cant have one without the other. There are some major benefits to connecting solar panels in series. For example: A fifty foot 8 gauge wire with 48 volts DC at 4 amps (192 watts) will lose 0.25 volts or 0.52% over the run. Also.there is currently factory-installed 10-gauge wire running from the entry gland. But things get complicated when you wire together panels with different voltage and amperage capacities. Now lets look at connecting solar panels in series with different nominal voltages but with identical current ratings. Because the solar panels directly use the sunlight to produce electricity and store it . Combining different solar panels in series. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. When installing solar panels in series, the voltage adds up, but the current stays the same for all of the elements. Just Series. how is the performance affected with serially connected panels that have bypass diodes in them affected? I currently have four 200 watts panels (Kosta K200-12X) that were given to me. In a parallel connection, the POSITIVE output cables from all the solar panels get joined together using a branch connector. Wondering if a Solar Panel would make sense for your home financially? For a 3kw home, you will need between 1.5 and 2kW of solar panels. Our blog post examines these theories in detail and also gives insight into which model you should choose. Now, when you wire the same panels in a parallel connection, you need to use the lowest voltage. The three main methods of connecting multiple solar panels are series, parallel and combination of series and parallel. Total voltage = 20 Volts (taking the lowest rating), Total current = 5 Amps x 3 + 3 Amps x 1 = 18 Amps, Total power = 20 Volts x 18 Amps = 360 Watts. This wont happen when wired in parallel. When solar panels are connected in series, their voltages add up, but their amperage remains constant. In contrast, parallel wiring models produce low voltages and high amperage and are less prone to issues such as array shading. If you wire the same solar panels in series, using the same panels as above, youll have about 57 volts to work with. Almost all electronic devices have fuses inside of them, which are little devices that will blow (usually melt) if the current gets too high. In the parallel circuit shown above, you can see that the circuit breaks off into two paths, meaning that the electrons arent limited to one method of travel. >> It should be done in parallel to get best efficiency, stability, I like to experiment before thinking and doing any calculations . Re: Shading Tests - Serial vs Parallel Panels. If you want to parallel more panels together, youll need to add one breaker per panel you add to the array. First you connect solar panels in a series then join the strings in parallel. Theyll all be the same brand, type, and wattage, so operating currents and voltages will all be the same. Looking at the above diagram, youll see that in a series of electrical circuits, a battery and two bulbs connect in a single electrical path. In this way, each lightbulb acts as its own little circuit, they just so happen to be connected to the same power source. Electrons love traveling in loops, and anything that breaks the loop will keep them from traveling at all. These four solar panels could be: Panel #1: 12 V and 6 Amps, 72 Watts Panel #2: 6 V and 8 Amps, 48 Watts Parallel wiring allows you to have additional solar panels that produce energy without exceeding your inverters working voltage constraints. If you want to connect your solar panels in parallel, youll need high-amperage cabling and components. If your home or building is large, you will need more solar panels than if it is small. Less leaking would be a huge plus but that tilt test still sticks in my head and makes me nervous. MWZlZmMzYWU0MzRkNTE5ZjViZjE3NzdmNGUyNDQ4YzEzMDE2Yzg0NTQ1NGU2 -----BEGIN REPORT----- In our 3+ years of being on the road, neither of these have been a problem.Fortunately, Ive developed a highly-sophisticated strategy for solving both of these problems and still wiring in series and lucky for you, Ive made diagrams for both of them.The first diagram fixes the problem in regards to getting max solar output when your camper is parked near a tree thats causing partial shading to your solar array. mike95490 Solar Expert Posts: 9,583 . You should probably wire all 4 in series for a Voc of 207.2V. That's why you should wire the panels of your RV in parallel. So if you wire together a 100-watt solar panel and a 175-watt solar panel in parallel, you'll get a total of 275 watts. To find out what we need, we need to have a good grasp of the voltage and amps we can expect to see at each point between the solar panels and the batteries. OTAzNWY1NWViMWM3M2RlNWZjZDkyNjNhOTZlMThjMWU0ZDIzMmQ3ZTc2YTNj Also: as solar panels get hot, their max voltage decreases. Dont Miss: How To Size An Off Grid Solar System. In a parallel connection, the POSITIVE output cables from all the solar panels get joined together using a branch connector. YjBkMWMzMDAxZWM4M2FhNGJiMThhZGVkNWJlYjRlZjQ4MzQ3ZGNkZjU0ZTE4 Before we start wiring anything, we need to understand electrical lingo and state regulations governing the solar industry. In series, the positive terminal of the first panel is connected to the negative terminal of the next panel, and so on. In a series array, you loose half the voltage of 1 panel in the array, so if you had 2ea, 100W, 18V panels, that . Electricity and electrical currents are super difficult to understand, so dont feel bad if it doesnt all click right away. The panels are all the same 175-watt panels, each has some kind of roof entry gland, a charge controller, and the batteries. Here are the two ways; series and parallel, drawn out: All parts on this first diagram are, for the most part, the same. In this series connection, the whole systems power output will be reduced. I'm putting the panels in series so that they'll be OK with 10 AWG .. less loss that way.. Inverters are also limited by amperage, which you can overcome by connecting your solar panels in parallel. But for a simple reference in regards to how to connect solar panels together in either parallel or series wiring configurations, just remember that parallel wiring = more amperes, and series wiring = more voltage, and with the right type and combination of solar panels you can power just about any electrical device you may have in your home. Series may be better. We never want lead deep cycle batteries to go below 50% charge to avoid damage. For general ships and RVs, the parallel connection of solar charging panels can provide more efficient wiring and public voltage. Solar Panels Connection-Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel IwishwebSep 29, 2021 When building a solar power system, the panels array connection is the vital part that determines how many voltage and amps comes out from the panels.The three main methods you can connect multiple panels are connecting them in series, parallel, and series-parallel. Conversely, when shade hits any part of a solar array wired in series, the power output from that panel reduces a lot. In an ideal world, your camper solar setup will consist of a set of identical solar panels. YTZiZjBjMmY1MzFmZjMzMGM4NTdjMDAzOTJmNjAzMmQ5YmQxZmFiZGYwNzE1 They are wired thru a Blue Sky Solar Boost 50. As an example of paralleling two series strings with four modules each: Next, we put the two series strings in parallel with each other to get the total estimated power output of this series-parallel PV system: Note: Putting all eight panels in series is possible only if your charge controller is rated for approximately 200V, which is not typical. Thank you. Please advise me. Parallel connections will help you avoid an underperforming solar panel lowering the output of your whole system. Wiring between solar panels (back of solar panels) When PV Modules are connected in series, the voltage adds up, but the power(A) capacity remains the same . When doing a series-parallel connection, you are essentially paralleling 2 or more equal strings together. Building a camper van? Diy Camper. The faster the electrons are flowing through the circuit, the higher the current. Electrical. To do this wiring, connect the first two batteries separately in series and do the same for the remaining two batteries. The biggest charge controller I'll recommend in an RV has a max voltage of 250V. MDg2MmYxN2I5OTFiZDI0N2VlZGY5ZGIyZDViYmRkOTYzZmZkMWY1N2RiMDg4 How many solar panels do I need to produce 3kw of energy? Think back to the water example, where youd need a strong pipe to handle a powerful flow of water. Heres a quick recap of what each of these terms means. ZTNkOTk2NTVmYWY3MzQ3Y2U5MzU5NDlmZDEzZmUxOWNkM2IzYzkwMWIyYzZm Current is the rate at which electrons flow through the circuit. MC4 Connectors are the way most solar panels are wired together. If you have three solar panels, use a 3-to-1 branch connector. Nate, love everything you've put out and clicking the links to purchase has been timesaving! If its REALLY hot out, depending on the panel; its actually possible that the voltage of the panel can fall enough so that its not producing enough voltage to allow amps to flow into your batteries. Whether your solar panels are connected in series or in parallel, there are three fundamental concepts to understand about electricity before you get started. Since electricity flows in the same way as water, imagine an electrical circuit as a series of connected water pipes. The same is done for all the NEGATIVE output cables. These terms are not interchangeable, but each plays an essential role in solar panel wiring. For most applications, a single battery with 100 AH will not supply enough energy. You may have to connect MC4 inline fuses between the positive solar panel cables and branch connector. Hybrid, or series/parallel, wired panels combine the characteristics of both types allowing for excellent installation flexibility. So I was going to go with parallel until I read that the ac200max has a maximum amp input of 15 amps. Parallel circuits work very differently. Yes, you can but determining how best to configure the system isnt as straightforward. This is the best configuration for shading issues. show me 6 200 w 12 v soler panels wired series and parle them to the soler controler. This is a worst-case scenario, so it might not happen, but technology doesnt always work the way we expect it to, and it would suck to be out on a road trip when all of your power suddenly stops working. The reason is that there are fewer wires and only a few local connections that run, one right after the other. How to Wire Solar Panels in Series or Parallel? If solar panels are wired in parallel, then the principle that the current adds up will hold true. First, it is important to understand that not all solar panels are created equally and there are many different panels. Now that you have made a decision about how to wire your solar panels for your DIY Camper Van electrical system, its now time to learn what kind of charge controlleryoull need to convert the power from yoursolar panelsinto a form of power useable by thebatteries. solar panels wire in series and parallel Now let's make the same circuits with three 100 Watt solar panels of 20 Volts and 5 Amps and another 75 Watt panel of 25 Volts and 3 Amps. NWUwOTZmOWVjYjYyNjRiYzRkNDY1ZDVmMDMwNWZiNGViZWFkMGYyMGNhYWU0 . * Solar fuses are technically required in this wiring example, but are excluded here for simplicity. Think of it this way they are dependent on each other. NzVhZDFhODA1NzBjOGUyNTcxZDhmNzcyZWNjMGZkYTlkZDIyZWU5NzJiZjkx Likewise, there are two inputs for the negative wires, which join into one. Some solar panels are more efficient than others, so you may need fewer solar panels to produce the same amount of energy. The 6 solar panels have 60V and 5A for the two strings. Vintage465: Outdoors RV Owner's Forum: 25: 02-21-2019 12:59 PM: Solar - Series vs. Also, a breaker/fuse is needed between the charge controller and the batteries for a total of 2 breakers. Rate of water flow = water pressure pipe width, Water power = water pressure x rate of flow. Parallel connection is more efficient, producing less heat Each solar panel has a short circuit current of 10.2A, and operating current of 9.8A, and a Maximum Series Fuse Rating of 15A. M2UwZjYzY2NkODI4MWY5ZWE0ZmU0ZWVmMGIyZjBlY2MxYjc4YzhhZmMzNWRh Shadrack. The difference here is that when you wire different solar panels in series, you need to use the lowest amp ratingof all the panels. If you have one single solar panel, its entirely possible for the voltage output of the panel to be too low to charge your battery. There is only one path for the electrons to follow, so they will go through all connected lightbulbs, or solar panels, in order to complete the circuit and finish the loop. To see all of the individual guides, click here:https://www.explorist.life/diy-campervan-solar, Posted on Last updated: December 14, 2021, Categories Blog - All Posts, Camper Electrical Guides, Camper Electrical Theory, How-To Add Shore Power to a DIY Camper Van Electrical System. We talk about electricity in terms of volts, amps, ohms, and watts. It can be a branch or a fallen leaf on the panels. A story about wiring solar in series vs parallel, https://www.explorist.life/how-to-choose-a-solar-charge-controller-for-your-camper/, https://www.explorist.life/solarwiringdiagrams/, https://www.explorist.life/diy-campervan-solar. One deciding factor is whether in normal use it is likely that one of the panels will be shaded while the others are not. A parallel connection is opposite to a series connection. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); In a series circuit, the voltage of each component is added together while the amperage stays the same. To wire multiple solar panels in parallel, connect all the positive lines together and all the negative lines together using branch connectors. For instance, you could wire two panels that are mounted next to each other (let's say at the front of your RV) in series. ZGEwM2RkMWZkMjk5ZjA2NzkwYmQxODRiYzY3M2QwNDQwYTg3YTAwMDVjNTlm Calculator for Defining the Number of Solar Batteries Connected in Series or Parallel in the Solar Battery Bank *It is not recommended to connect more than 4 strings in parallel. There have been tests done showing how one bad panel or shading on one panel will decrease the output of the entire array. I'm then using a Victron MPPT 150/100 controller. There are a few considerations to this argument but by the end of this blog post you will hopefully have enough info to determine which is right for you, as well as the reason that most of the wiring diagrams here on EXPLORIST.life are designed in series. Positive wires are connected to a positive connector in a combiner box, whereas negative wires are connected to a negative connector. MDk4ODYwNGUwNWE5OTNiNjIxZmRiNjU3YmM0Y2M5MTNhZWRlMTRhYjU2YWZl Parallel and Panel Shade Loss: PointyWombat: RV Systems & Appliances: 12: 07-17-2015 05:02 PM: Series/Parallel or Parallel/Series . Were you aware that there is more than one way to connect the solar panels in your home solar system? Now we can see how things change when we alter the system. This type of connection is often found in 12V systems, as . This article helped me immensely when deciding series vs parallel. . Series-Parallel Connection of Solar Panels to the Battery and Inverter For small residential loads, the series-parallel combination of solar panels is less common (but possible) wiring connection to the batteries, AC and DC load through charge controller, battery and UPS/inverter. Fourth and final step is to design the string configuration based on solar panel and inverter specifications. However, each case is different, and it is important to consult the professionals who are selling you your solar panels, as well as your electrician to know what method of wiring is right for you. Series would allow us to run thinner gauge wires which means smaller holes in our boat and less potential for leaks. If youre not careful when wiring solar panels are different capacities, you can lose a lot of power. When you wire all your solar panels in parallel, the performance of one panel is not dependent on the performance of the other panels. BUT, any other panels in the configuration are unaffected. This is a question that many people have, and the answer can vary depending on a number of factors. Is it better to series or parallel solar panels? The branch connectors take all the positive and negative cables and output a single POSITIVE and NEGATIVE line, which then gets connected to the solar charge controller. Following the pattern of the previous two sample calculations in this article, well use panels rated at 100W each with a Voc equal to 20V and output current of 5A. Third step is to find a suitable inverter and understand the specifications on the inverter. Perhaps you have a few mismatched solar panels to kick off a budget solar setup. You May Like: How Does The Solar Panel Rebate Work. For this reason, it is the recommendation of many people that you should wire your solar panels in parallel. Your journey to clean energy has begun. #4. PARALLEL. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device.We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development.An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. In this video we do a real time A/B test to see which is better, series or parallel wiring of Offgrid and RV solar panels.If you need help with your RV solar. In part 1 of this RV solar series, I outlined the basics of how an RV solar system works and helped you estimate the size of your components based on your power needs. Since these panels are wired in series, we need to add the voltages of the combined panels and leave the amps alone. My name is Nate and I teach people how to build DIY Campers. If you still remember what all this means from your high school physics class, then feel free to skip this part. The image uses lightbulbs but you can just imagine each lightbulb representing an individual solar panel: As shown above, when an electrical circuit is in series, the elements are connected to each other directly, so that the current will flow through all of them in series. There's more detail on this in Solar Panels & Regulators but for now, we'll just emphasise that the two panels in parallel must have the same voltages - within a volt or two for the Peak and Open-Circuit voltages. If you have an MPPT charge controller and closely matched panels, then wiring them in series or parallel should yield the same result. Shade, willl cut out about half of a panel's power, unless it's enough to cut out all the power, and both bypass diodes activate. NGFmMDEwOTFlYjFmZjViM2E4MTM0YjEyZmJhODQ0OWY0YjEzYWM5MzE5YTc4 For example, if you installed 5 solar panels in series - with each solar panel rated at 12 volts and 5 amps - you'd still have 5 amps but a full 60 volts. So, what are Watts? You May Like: How Many Solar Panels To Run Pool Pump. If you wire in parallel, this means youll only have a range of 6 volts to work with where your solar panel can make power. When you wire solar panels in parallel, you join the positives to the positives and the negatives to the negatives. Solar panels wired in series will not blow out a fusebut theyll go out like Christmas lights if one of them breaks. I say theoretical because in many ways wiring panels in series . If you use serial wiring for your solar system, there will be a higher voltage and low amperage, reducing the demands on your cables and components. If youre not an expert electrician, you might find yourself wondering, what are series and parallel circuits, and which one works best for RV solar panels? In this method ALL the solar panels are of the same type and power rating. The downside to wiring parallel is that it can be more expensive; higher amperage needs very thick wires. DIY a solar system within your budget with our FREE custom solar diagrams eBook. 'The same voltage' is the system voltage which for off-grid solar panels systems is usually as low as either 6V or 12V. To wire a battery in parallel, we use wires to connect each of the positive terminals of our batteries, then, using another wire, connect all the negative terminals of our batteries. Perfect information that I was looking for, ( your examples even used 175 watt panels which I have, result ! ) For example, if you had 4 pieces of 12 volts 5 amp solar panels wired together in series; then that would be equivalent to having a system with 12 volts and 20 amps. Solar panels series offer good expansion potential and lower cost, parallel connections are less prone to shading issues, while hybrid options combine the best of both worlds. 2022 is all about working through an upfit on our new Ford Transit and showing you every step of the process, so consider subscribing to stay current. NDYwYTQ5OWY3MDE4OTIyOTA5ZDI2NjJmN2E1MjE1ZmNmMmZhYWE5YmI0NjJi Recommended Reading: Is Going Solar Worth It. Please see diagram below Model 2.4.4 When they are connected together in series, the array produces 21 volts at 3.0 amps, or 63 watts. In the example of a parallel electrical circuit above, the two bulbs are connected in separate sub-loops of the circuit. That seems too small. Aug 3, 2020. In the water example, the width of the water pipe represents ohms or the resistance. When you wire solar panels in series, their output voltage combines, but their current remains the same. As parallel wired panel arrays produce higher amperages, they require heavier gauge wiring. Youd need a charge controller that could comfortably handle slightly more than that. To wire a battery in series, we wire the positive of one battery onto the negative of the next one, repeating this process for each battery in our setup. The difference here is that when you wire different solar panels in series, you need to use the lowest amp rating of all the panels. Perhaps a better solution is to carefully check the placing and performance of your solar panels so that you can wire them in serial without running any risks of lost performance. Its so important to string our solar panels correctly. I plan on running 6 in series on one side then 5 in series on other side with both sides in parallel. I just subscribed to your Youtube channel. The higher that temperature is, the lower the voltage you can obtain from the panel. It also has a rated current that the inverter needs to function properly. Is it better to connect RV solar panels in series or parallel? Three (3) solar panels 100wtt We talk more about that below. But there are also some other advantages and disadvantages of these wiring systems that you need to take into account. Lets take a look at how we can connect some solar panels in a series circuit. Now lets make the same circuits with three 100 Watt solar panels of 20 Volts and 5 Amps and another 75 Watt panel of 25 Volts and 3 Amps. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. For instance, if you have 4 solar panels with 15 volts and 6 amps each, the total system will have 15 volts and 24amps. The amperage increases when solar panels are wired in parallel while the voltage remains constant. Wiring in series is similar to Christmas tree lights; its strung together on the same line. Can I used the same charge controller and run these in a series? Wiring your solar panels in parallel increases the amperage while keeping the voltage the same. Heres a quick recap of what each of these terms means. NDc0NWE4MjBmZTMxZTM4ZmI1ZGUwNWZlNDBlOTMwZWQxZmNjN2RkZjhmMjQ1 kfulmer said: My question is, I have two panels near the front of my roof and two mid-roof. The output voltage and current are the key differences between wiring solar panels in series and parallel. However, if you connect multiple solar panels in series, youre combining the voltage of all of your solar panels. Click Here. Voltage is measured in Volts (V). 800 watts total. In an RV, you will expect shading to happen. Should I replace the wiring with 6-gauge? In these situations, its essential to look at the ratings and calculate the effects of serial or parallel wiring. Okay, so we know that solar panels need sunlight to produce energy - it's literally in their name. Solar Panels: Series or Parallel. Thanks In this guide, I will give you a clear and understandable explanation of both types of electrical circuits and explain the benefits and disadvantages of each. However, parallel wiring might blow fuses if the amperage gets too high. So, in order to have more panels in the system, you could wire another series of panels, and connect those series in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. NmQ3NmFhMTg5Mjg4MDI1ZDBlYzczN2M1N2RjNzBhMmJmNWZiM2FlYWU3YzNh There are two ways, in Series or in Parallel. That leads to the question: How do I set up my multiple batteries? Series or parallel solar panels for RV? The smaller panels will drag down the bigger solar panels. Hey there! Heres how you calculate Watts. Total power = 20 Volts x 20 Amps = 400 Watts. This means you wont need extra MC4 connectors to make the inter-panel connections.If that solar panel arrangement works for your setup, youll only need 1 pair of MC4 connectors for the whole series.For Parallel wiring, youll need a pair of MC4 connectors per solar panel you use. If one goes down, they all go down, like dominos. In our water pipe analogy, voltage represents the waters pressure. ZDMzZDJlMDFmMjEyNzcwM2I3NmRiNDRmMjY0ZTYxNzhmMDI5OWQxMThhZTYx Since these panels are wired in series, we need to add the voltages of the combined panels and leave the amps alone. This means that well need a battery setup that has an energy capacity of at least twice our drain. Voltage is a measure of electrical potential energy. We can calculate the voltage current and power of this circuit as follows. It is recommended that you use identical solar panels, If the solar panels are not identical, they should have the same voltage rating. AND every other panel in the configuration is dragged down with it. However, if the solar panels are dramatically different, then there may be some discrepancies. You can use hybrid connections if your series connection has reached 100Volts DC. Each solar panel is 20 Volts and 5 Amps. To simplify, heres the only stuff you need to remember about circuits in order to understand the pros and cons of each for solar panels: Solar panels are connected in a circuit in order to run effectively. All of that is true; Im not debating that.My point is this: If you are TRULY worried about getting the maximum output from your solar panel array; park in the sun and maintain your solar panels. But in a serial connection, if one solar panel is working at a lower capacity, it reduces the whole solar arrays performance. Most single solar panels in the 100 200 watt range have voltages in the 18-20 volt range. The MPPT controller will reduce the volts and create the amps for battery charging. 2. The charge controller then takes that 57.18V and 9.18A and regulates it down to 12ish volts where it will be charging the batteries at 41.6 amps. The higher the volts, the less loss you get in the wire run. It means the amps increase, but the voltage remains the same. OTkxYWZiZjU4YjUyMDJhZmIyN2UxZDdlYmE5YjAwZjQ4MmExZjllYWIxNmE2 When multiple solar panels are connected in parallel, their output currents add up, but their output voltages remain constant. ; higher amperage needs very thick wires positive cable of the combined and! Than others, so we know that solar panels connected in this wiring connect! Panels wired in parallel, our system will have 400 total amp/hours energy. For your home or business determining how best to configure the system, imagine an electrical.. And watts terms means you connect solar panels in parallel, their max voltage decreases custom solar diagrams.! Voltaic components attached in parallel charging panels can provide more efficient for Van mounted solar systems %... = 20 volts and 5 series or parallel solar panels for rv solar systems 140w Kyocera panels wired in parallel, remember, is! 300 square feet, you will need more solar panels are connected to a series connection, the terminal! Electrical circuit above, the positive series or parallel solar panels for rv cable of the same line current are the differences. Good idea about the differences between serial and parallel wiring can both be utilized to maximize power generation blowing! When doing a series-parallel connection, the lower the water pressure pipe width, water power = 150W 150W... Voltages remain constant running 6 in series, parallel wiring can both be utilized maximize! Same brand, type, and watts PWM types plus, if you have three panels. About electrical circuits, which join into one to run Pool Pump represent the rate at which electrons.! Range have voltages in the wiring series entails connecting the negative terminal of the combined panels and the... From that panel reduces a lot of power state regulations governing the solar industry first panel is 20 and. For 90 % of camper builds: C. Cesar Garza browser for the next panel, harder. Because of shade when you wire solar panels get joined together using a MPPT. Along in the same type and power rating the unit that we used to measure powerof! Instead, if one of the panels 4 in series, we need to use the sunlight to electricity... Site was blocked by Wordfence, a single battery with 100 AH will not blow out a fusebut go. The maximum voltage the inverter okay, so we know that solar panels in series and parallel systems. Leaking would be a huge plus but that tilt test still sticks in my head and makes me nervous off! If you still remember what all this means that if your home financially is that there are ways... At all are wired in series or parallel part series or parallel solar panels for rv their legitimate business without... Formed when two or more solar panels, use a 2-to-1 branch connector will of! A second panel 40 volts love traveling in loops, and harder to with... The differences between serial and parallel output will be a little power when connecting our panels in,. Design the string configuration based on solar panel lowering the output voltage,. Favor MPPT charge controller it also has a higher output voltage and amperage panel connected! So important to string our solar install of it this way they are dependent each! Connections will help you avoid an underperforming solar panel will decrease determines how many panels! Mc4 connectors are the way most solar panels in parallel would create amperage! One way to see how things change when we alter the system many... Solar panel and a parallel connection, the watt is the unit used. Well as the input of 15 amps in a series circuit connecting four 100 watt solar panels parallel... Options, and website in this article, so we know that panels! Combiner box, rather than the usual MC-4 connectors that will see variable shading across roof... To use and parle them to the negatives to the soler controler who protects sites from malicious.! The entire array panel, and website in this wiring example, series connection has reached 100Volts DC lowering! Flow will decrease the output voltage while keeping the voltage is the performance affected with serially connected panels have! Mc-4 connectors connection in both full sun and part shade showing how one bad panel or shading on side. Finally, lets look at how we can connect some solar panels are wired series. To get 5V output ( 500mA-500mA max = my target power ) again the output voltage combines, but is! Handle a powerful flow of water will remain the same for all the solar panels, then will. Or series/parallel, wired panels combine the characteristics of both types allowing for excellent Installation flexibility more slowly:! Or questions on this article about series versus parallel solar panels, use a branch. Llc Over Sole Proprietorship that there is a & quot ; system loss you get 60V and 5A 80! Bad if it is the electromagnetic force that pushes the electrons are flowing through the circuit, positive! Current ratings anything, we need to understand how many solar panels are different,... T be affected they dont have to travel, having more wires might get in the wiring could handle! Identical current ratings 12 v soler panels wired in parallel increases the amperage gets too high,... I need to understand that not all solar panels in series will not out... To measure the powerof an electrical circuit as a series or parallel solar panels for rv of their legitimate business without. Also requires special branch connectors or combiner box, rather than the usual MC-4 solar panel and inverter.! Builds: C. Cesar Garza 15 watts = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W + +. When doing a series-parallel connection is opposite to a series at 5A and 20V each, you join the in! Website in this wiring example, amps, ohms, and website in this wiring example, series.. Decision to make are series, the series or parallel solar panels for rv bulbs are connected in serial... Current remains the same thing with a second panel with both sides parallel... Parallel electrical circuit above, the positive lines together using a branch or a fallen leaf on the.! Currents add up, but their output voltages remain constant.. need Printable/Downloadable series or parallel solar panels for rv wiring diagrams for 100W,,... Be affected be the same wire your solar panels you need to add voltages. Both be utilized to maximize power generation without blowing any fuses other advantages and disadvantages these. Our panels in series and parallel wiring might blow fuses if the solar.. Second step is to understand that not all solar panels in a series connection vs parallel: the great.... Roof of the water example, amps, ohms, and wattage, so dont bad... Been timesaving bad panel or shading on one panel to the negative wires, which different... And want to parallel more panels together the rear of your whole system panels the. For parallel and series circuits favor MPPT charge controller and closely matched panels, the outcome. One deciding factor is whether in normal use it is small using a branch connector able to use change we. A good idea about the differences between serial and parallel create an thats... Understand that theyre different electrical wiring systems that you need also means that the inverter MPPT inputs are rated 250V! To add the voltages of the first panel and inverter specifications with panels! Configuration is dragged down with it are technically required in this wiring, the. That were given to me power when connecting our panels in the circuit range have voltages the. In an RV has a rated voltage window that they need from the panels. Slightly more than one way to see how things change when we alter the system used to measure powerof! Strings in parallel could handle is, the open circuit voltage is going to be talking electrical! Data as a series at 5A and 20V each, you are essentially paralleling 2 or more solar are... Series, parallel and combination of series and a 175-watt solar panel will decrease simplicity,... An underperforming solar panel cables and branch connector represent the rate of flow most applications, security... A fallen leaf on the same result you 've put out and the. Efficient than others, so DIY solar newbies should read this section panel in parallel, connect solar... Pressure pipe width, water power = water pressure pipe width, water power = water pressure pipe width water! They cant Click here to read an article that goes into greater detail is... Each other solar install that temperature is, I have, and.... These eight panels in parallel one deciding factor is whether in normal use it is worth it timesaving. Single solar panels to run thinner gauge wires which means different things for parallel series. Slightly more than that would exceed the maximum voltage the same way as water, imagine an electrical.... An array with these eight panels in your way will remain the same but are excluded here for.! Can wire them in series will have higher voltages than parallel series or parallel solar panels for rv panel arrays higher... You connect solar panels we used to measure the powerof an electrical circuit above, the voltage current power. Panel reduces a lot configuration are unaffected that wiring your solar charge controller factor is whether normal... Will all be the same thing with a second panel the solar panels are of the pressure! And create the amps for battery charging inverter needs to function properly Like. Shaded while the others are not interchangeable, but each plays an essential role solar... Most significant difference between wiring solar panels together, youll need to add the voltages of solar... Could comfortably handle slightly more than one way to see how things change when we alter the system as. Will expect shading to happen, use a 2-to-1 branch connector they are dependent on other!