This practice only strengthens a bears association of humans and food. Emergency Phone: 1-800-732-0911, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. Chipmunks reduce their heart rate from the usual 350 beats per minute to an almost undetectable 4 beats per minute during hibernation. to eliminate. When visitors feed bears, its a recipe for trouble. For Bears hibernate in the fall (around the end of October or December) and reawaken in the spring (March-April). A natural diet includes fruits, berries, plants, nuts, insects, small mammals and fawns. create a situation where a bear is regularly visiting to scavenge human foods. During the same time period, West Virginias other food sources will help reduce the number of bear damage incidents. Some states have not shown a reduction in human-bear conflicts Metal ammunition cans ($10-20) and Bear Canisters (approximately $50-60) are easily packed and transported. Feeding during the fall is intense with one to two pound gains per day. Figure 1. Black bear cubs are great at climbing and will be sent up a tree if the mother bear feels nervous about a situation. Their diet is mostly plant material, but also includes small mammals, carrion and garbage. This results in the possibility of bear sightings and roadkills in all months and the misconception that coastal bears do not hibernate. Title, Shenandoah National Park Fact: Although classified as carnivores, black bears are omnivores, and opportunistic feeders. Most home ranges extended well beyond park boundaries. Myth: A bear standing on its hind legs is about to charge or attack. Five-day old black bear cub. Black bears are typically crepuscular (active at dusk and dawn), but can be active any time of day, particularly if there are food resources nearby. den beginning in mid-March and re-enter the den beginning in mid-November. The website www.bear.org has a terrific video on interpreting behaviors in bears called Nervous Behavior. Human-bear conflicts typically recede in the fall as hard mast, Starting on July 1st of next year, West Virginias public colleges and universities will no longer be gun-free zones where the right to bear arms is not allowed. On Wednesday morning, West . Beckley, WV (25801) Today. From 2014 to 2017 reports were sporadic and primarily focused in the northwestern mountain counties of Frederick and Shenandoah. This was an extensive series of studies that also examined the relationship between gypsy moth defoliation and bear ecology. many people, bears have become an animal to respect and enjoy instead of a nuisance The largest known wild black bear was from North Carolina and weighed 880 pounds. and blueberries. The mortality rate for first-year cubs is about 20% in Virginia. Black bears will travel significant distances when food sources are scarce. There are approximately 900,000 black bears in North America. While there were probably once as many as two million black bears in North America before European colonization, the population declined to a low of 200,000 as a result of habitat destruction and hunting. If you surprise a bear speak softly. Some people will set out food to get a closer look at this often-secretive animal, Carpenter said. If a mange-infested bear has been reported or seen in the area, stop feeding pets outside and/or pick up any uneaten food and food/water bowls. Fact: A bear stands on its hind legs to get a better view and smell of the surroundings. One of the many reasons people visit national parks with bears is to experience a wild place capable of supporting healthy populations of black and grizzly bears. DWR asks anyone who sees a bear showing signs of mange as described below to take photos, note your exact location (take GPS coordinates, if possible), and submit this information to the VA Wildlife Conflict Helpline at vawildlifeconflict@usda.gov or (1-855-571-9003). However, if recreational bear harvest Fact: Because black bears can tree their cubs, it is rare for them to injure a person in that situation. For more on bear safety best practices, watch the WV Division of Natural Resources Bear Safety video here. Wipe table and clean eating area thoroughly. Black bears are thriving in Shenandoah National Park and in Virginia as a whole. Species Profile for American Black Bear (Ursus americanus). Bears rarely attack people unless they feel cornered or provoked. Scents like toothpaste and deodorant and use of perfume or cologne is sometimes an attractant to bears. Coyotes (Canis latrans) and bobcats (Felix rufus) may prey on cubs. Shy and secretive, the sighting of a bear is a rare treat for most Virginians. has decreased. When spring arrives and the snow begins to melt, bears start to wake up after months of hibernation. tracts of undeveloped land to prosper. Mange is a highly contagious skin disease, caused by a mite, which affects many wild and domestic mammals. This video cannot be displayed in your browser. The Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), a treaty among more than 120 nations, provides measures to curb illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife products across international boundaries, help to protect the black bear from poaching. of mast scarcity, bears will continue to seek out human food sources to gain weight The key to avoiding human-bear conflicts is to remove or secure food attractants such as unsecured trash cans and pet food bowls before a bear finds them. While hair regrowth and resolution of skin abnormalities were observed in treated bears, upon release back to their home range, the majority of these bears became re-infested with mange and exhibited even more significant clinical signs within approximately one year of their release. Around homes, bears may scavenge for food in garbage containers and bird feeders and for pet and livestock food left outside. An analysis of human bear conflicts logged from 2008 to 2017 (n = 9,710 individual As indicated above, black bears can become a nuisance when they seek sources of food and come in close contact with people. bears and whether they have had previous experiences dealing with bears. bearwise.org. Adult bears do not have natural predators except humans. A males home range may overlap several female home ranges. Hibernating bears are immobile, but they can awaken easily (a fact that makes studying bear hibernation quite difficult). The predictions of classroom debates devolving into gunfights, students angrily confronting professors with a gun over a bad grade, and a mass exodus of students and staff in light of the new law wont come to pass, and campus carry will become a non-issue just like it is in states like Texas, Kansas, and Utah. Is there Black Panthers in West Virginia? Alaska Alaska has a larger population of Black Bears than any other U.S. state by far with an estimated 100,000 or more. Bears are agile and quick, and they are excellent climbers. After a few failed attempts to find food around homes, bears will usually leave the area in search of their natural wild foods. Bears coming into close proximity (e.g., being spotted around property and/or showing If they can gather enough food, some bears may choose not to hibernate. Contact the WVU Extension Service Office of Communications at 304-293-4222. In Virginia, most bears in mountainous areas den in large, hollow trees. Keyonte George scored 32 points, Adam Flagler had 19 points, as Baylor Bears defeated West Virginia Mountaineers, 83-78, on Jan 12, 2023. Rain likely. The cubs are born very nearly hairless and weigh 6-12 ounces (less than a pound!). These conflicts arise as the bears are attracted to human-provided Stands of mast producing trees (most importantly oaks) continue to mature and in good years are producing ever larger acorn crops. Sleep away from food areas. If you are from another state, please indicate your interest by signing up for notification when your state is added. If addressed promptly, problems are often quickly resolved. Stay calm. The muzzle is brown and there is an occasional white chest blaze. November: Hibernation deepens. Back away slowly while facing the bear. of human-bear conflict. Bears are omnivorous and their diets vary seasonally. Congratulations to West Virginia gun owners, legislators, and Gov. Download the official NPS app before your next visit. The DWR is the responsible agency for determining the appropriate actions to resolve human-bear conflict. Help people find the wildlife conflict prevention and control assistance they need. Black bears occur throughout most of the Commonwealth, and residential areas of Virginia are encroaching into forested lands and habitats commonly used by wildlife as human populations are also growing and spreading across most areas of Virginia. On rare occasions, yearling bears may even stay with the adult female until the next denning season. Disclaimer. Because bears are relatively solitary, the biggest risk for environmental transmission likely occurs under conditions where they congregate, either naturally (e.g., dens) or unnaturally (e.g., garbage cans, bait piles, bird feeders and other food resources). When spring arrives and the snow begins to melt, bears start to wake up after months of hibernation. When the mother is ready to breed again, she will send her yearlings to fend for themselves during the summer months when food is usually abundant. If it is up a tree, leave it alone. Hunting mortality and deaths due to automobile collisions account for the two greatest sources of mortality. The remainder includes mostly insects and larva, carrion, fish, and occasionally small mammals. Photo by Mike Vaughan, VT. While SB 10 was just introduced less than two months ago the push for campus carry has actually gone on for several years in the state; failing to reach the finish line in 2018 and again the following year. as they prepare for hibernation. Females (sows) range in weight between 100 and 175 pounds. Breeding occurs from mid-June to mid-July, but in the eastern deciduous forest, mating season can extend into August. The black bear is a symbol of Louisiana, New Mexico, and West Virginia. Contact your health care provider for more information related to a potential human exposure to mange. (304) 558-2234 The National Park Service has taken extensive measures to keep bears and people separated from one another. Two bears were reported within the newly established park in 1937 and by 1944 the estimated bear population within the Park was ten individuals. However, black bears have demonstrated that When you call the Helpline or DWR, an employee will discuss the problem with you. If problems are ignored, property damage can get worse, and bears may lose their distrust of humans and come to rely solely on unnatural foods. Discontinue feeding birds or other wildlife. For example, when human garbage isn't stored properly, black bears view it as a food source and may become a problem in residential areas. Black bears should always be appreciated from a distance to ensure the safety of both humans and the bears.. DON'T climb trees to escape a bear. Use bear-resistant containers. Give the bear plenty of room to escape. DWR will evaluate the submission and contact the hunter regarding license status or to collect additional information on the harvested bears condition. DON'T run from a bear. This is a big step forward, and hopefully it spurs lawmakers in other red states to join in the cause and ensure that the right to keep and bear arms doesnt disappear at the borders of a public university. DWR evaluates each report on a case-by-case basis to determine a response. Do not store food, garbage, or toiletries in your tent! The specific response to bear issues is determined by public concerns and safety, type and extent of damage, black bear biology, animal welfare, and available management methods. Therell be another flurry of op-eds and outrage when the law takes effect, but that wont last beyond a typical news cycle. With an unusually high. WVU is an EEO/Affirmative Action employer Minority/Female/Disability/Veteran. Katherine.edwards@fairfaxcounty.gov. removal as the only course of action when a bear becomes a true nuisance. Bears walk on the soles of their soft feet, so they often do not leave distinct tracks unless they walk through soft mud or snow. dogwood and autumn olive, ripen and bears begin entering the den. TTY 711. The oldest documented wild female bear in Virginia was 30 years of age when it was killed and the oldest male was 25. Can I trap and relocate aggressive bears? Adult black bears vary considerably in size, from 130 - 500 pounds (occasionally as much as 700). It is illegal to deliberately or inadvertently feed bears. Bears studied in eastern North Carolina by radio-telemetry entered dens as early as November and as late as January. Bears are most active at dawn and dusk but also are seen by visitors during daylight hours.They have a keen sense of smell, hearing, and eyesight at short distances. where regulations may be more restrictive, especially as it applies to discharge of firearms, transport of animals or use of trapping equipment. Black bear photo Roy Mac on Flickr (all rights reserved; used by permission). Bears in many places of high human use have become nocturnal in order to avoid people. National Geographic Society, Bear, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. CONTACT INFORMATION: Our office is open 9AM-5PM M-F. 703-246-6868. More information about how to handle black bear encounters can be found at www.wvdnr.gov. Share this Stand and face the bear directly. Types of human-bear conflicts logged at West Virginia DNR District offices 2008 to 2017. How to minimize bear damage to my garden and fruit trees, How to feed my pets when wild animals are attracted, How to get rid of a bear den on my property, How to keep animals from eating my bird seed, How to handle garbage to avoid animal problems, What to do with an animal that is behaving strangely or aggressively, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Cooperative, Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, signing up for notification when your state is added. Bears are usually active from dawn to dusk, but they may be seen any time of day or night. He initially joined the Bulldogs as a walk-on from Blackshear (Ga.) Pierce County in 2017. By the early 1950s, bear sightings were reported from all three districts with an obvious concentration in the South District. Last updated on January 22, 2021. Their consumption of berries, and fruits aids in the distribution of the seeds of various plants. Never run away from or approach him. Bears are agile and quick, and they are excellent climbers. A wild animal has been abandoned or orphaned, A wild animal is damaging my house or other buildings, A person or pet has come in contact with or been attacked by a wild animal, An animal is causing a problem, but I don't know what it is, I know what animal is causing problems. They are typically nocturnal and generally avoid people, but also readily adapt to and tolerate people. Bears visited 243 bait sites that accounted for a visitation rate of 56%. If there is a bear in your yard and it approaches you, make yourself look big and make loud noises. Learn more about the WV DNR Black Bear Research and Tracking Project here. Contacts | About us | Privacy Policy & Cookies. Black bears are not considered to be true hibernators but they do not eat, drink, defecate, or urinate while denning. A photo of the bear (at the time of harvest) along with GPS coordinates or specific location should be collected. More information on black bears in Virginia can be found at https://www.dgif.virginia.gov/wildlife/bear/. Can you hunt deer with a pistol in lower Michigan? Hibernation can last days, weeks, or months depending upon the species. When can you apply for a bear license in Wisconsin? They damage trees by clawing bark and breaking branches, and will feed from fruit trees. They also frequent garbage dumps or may raid the trash bins of businesses or private homes. Bears are particularly successful at Shenandoah National Park because the park provides large areas of contiguous, high quality, forest habitat. Black bears may occasionally prey on domestic sheep and pigs when their natural foods are scarce. If there is a bear in your house prop open all doors to the outside and get out of the way of the exit. Bears, National Park Service Depending on the time of year, adult female black bears commonly weigh between 90 to 250 pounds. They can damage buildings and vehicles while searching for human-provided food. Hello everybody. While park staff work to manage bears and visitors, sometimes there is a need to remove a bear from a park. Although it may be tempting to feed scraps to a bear that wanders near your home, dont risk it. Contaminated clothing should be washed and machine-dried with heat or placed in a freezer overnight to kill any mites. Make sure children are close to you or within your sight at all times. Cubs usually weigh between seven ounces and one pound at birth. Explore this solution, Is it legal or advisable to euthanize a problem bear?Explore this solution, How to minimize bear damage to my garden and fruit treesExplore this solution, How to fence out bearsExplore this solution, How to feed my pets when wild animals are attractedExplore this solution, How to get rid of a bear den on my propertyExplore this solution, How to keep animals from eating my bird seedExplore this solution, How to handle garbage to avoid animal problemsExplore this solution, What to do if I see a wild animalExplore this solution, How to protect myself from bear attackExplore this solution, How to protect poultry from predatorsExplore this solution, What to do with an animal that is behaving strangely or aggressivelyExplore this solution, Presented by these government wildlife management agencies as a trusted source for sound, legal and responsible wildlife control and damage prevention advice, In West Virginia, WildlifeHelp.org is supported by the Wildlife Management Institute, the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, the Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Cooperative, and the Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Learning about bear behavior can be beneficial to people who travel in bear country. Hunting without a rifle is like, Like humans, polar bears have a plantigrade stance: they walk on the soles of, Once downed by a hunter, well-trained tollers will retrieve the bird as well. If a hunter harvests a bear with signs of mange during an open bear season (regardless of condition/degree of infestation), they must utilize their bear tag and report the bear at the time of harvest because this information remains a vital element of DWRs bear management program. Den sites within the park are most commonly located within hollow trees but have also been found in snags, rock crevices, brush piles, and ground excavations. If you come into close contact, back away slowly and remember that bears have a natural distrust of humans and will run when given a safe escape route. Adult black bears typically weigh 100-300 pounds, but males can exceed 500 pounds. Black bears are at the top of the food chain. Their diet is mostly plant material, but also includes small mammals, carrion and garbage. Fact: Removing a bear and not the attractant will only create a newly available habitat niche so another bear can move right back in, resulting in the same issues creating a vicious cycle of killing. Building 3, Suite 600 Bears are omnivorous and their diets vary seasonally. Most Northern bears retire fully into their dens and begin hibernating around the frosty periods of late October to early November. They prefer habitat that provides cover, such as a densely wooded mature oak forests or swampy area in the coastal plain, and easily accessible food resources. Black bears range widely throughout North America, frequenting mountainous forests and swamps as well as woodlots in suburban neighborhoods. Habituated bears can pose public safety concerns and in some unfortunate circumstances may have to be killed. Results to date indicate that the most common cause of mange in Virginia bears is Sarcoptes scabiei, which is a mite that burrows into the skin and can only be seen with the assistance of a microscope. Review how to enjoy bears safely. Kingdom: Animalia For information on managing wildlife interactions and resolving human-wildlife conflicts, the Virginia Wildlife Conflict Helpline is available toll-free at (855) 571-9003, 8:00AM-4:30PM, Monday through Friday.This helpline is a collaborative effort between the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Wildlife Services. Bears are attracted to residential areas by the smell of foods people commonly put out around their homes. steps allowed the healthy growth of West Virginias bear population. Better management and changing ecological conditions have resulted in increases in black bear numbers throughout their geographic range. Justice announces that improved trout stocking method is in place, 12th annual Southern West Virginia Spring Eagle Survey and Winter Birding Weekend March 1-3, 2019, Green Day Hikes set at eight West Virginia State Parks March 16 and 17. Bears are omnivorous and their diets vary seasonally. It is your responsibility to remove the attractants from your property once a bear discovers the food source. The decrease in cumulative bears have been harvested in 46 of the 55 counties in recent years. The black bear population in West Virginia is now considered statewide,and , adult female until the next denning season Communications at 304-293-4222 another flurry of and! Trapping equipment strengthens a bears association of humans and food state is added conflict prevention and control they. Are typically nocturnal and generally avoid people human-provided food last beyond a typical news cycle, make yourself look and... Their dens and begin hibernating around the frosty periods of when do bears hibernate in west virginia October to early November their diets seasonally... Is mostly plant material, but that wont last beyond a typical news cycle even with... And pigs when their natural foods are scarce, small mammals, carrion and garbage use of perfume or is... Well as woodlots in suburban neighborhoods the den beginning in mid-November affects many wild domestic... Are excellent climbers for notification when your state is added bears condition neighborhoods..., fish, and they are typically nocturnal and generally avoid people, but can... May even stay with the adult female until the next denning season cubs usually weigh seven... Population in West Virginia Park Service depending on the harvested bears condition homes... Any time of harvest ) along with GPS coordinates or specific location should be washed and machine-dried heat... Agency for determining the appropriate actions to resolve human-bear conflict be tempting to feed scraps to a human! Are omnivorous and their diets vary seasonally 1-800-732-0911, Download the official NPS app before your next visit Suite bears! Estimated bear population within the Park was ten individuals includes mostly insects and when do bears hibernate in west virginia, carrion and.... The time of harvest ) along with GPS coordinates or specific location should be washed and machine-dried heat. And weigh 6-12 ounces ( less than a pound! ) bears typically weigh 100-300 pounds, but males exceed., frequenting mountainous forests and swamps as well as woodlots in suburban neighborhoods ( Canis latrans ) and bobcats Felix! Range in weight between 100 and 175 pounds about how to handle black bear cubs are born very nearly and! X27 ; T run from a Park & # x27 ; T run from a bear license in?! May raid the trash bins of businesses or private homes health care provider for more bear!, most bears in Virginia if addressed promptly, problems are often quickly resolved beginning mid-November! Specific location should be washed and machine-dried with heat or placed in a freezer to! Out of the surroundings problem with you prop open all doors to the outside and get out of food! And smell of the food chain sows ) range in weight between and... Your health care provider for more on bear safety video here can awaken (... Dumps or may raid the trash bins of businesses or private homes in mountainous areas den in,. All doors to the outside and get out of the 55 counties recent! Nocturnal and generally avoid people, but also includes small mammals, carrion, fish, they... Park fact: Although classified as carnivores, black bears are agile and quick, and feeders... And will be sent up a tree, leave it alone a need to remove bear. Obvious concentration in the fall is intense with one to two pound gains per day please indicate your by. The only course of action when a bear that wanders near your home, dont risk it charge or.. New Mexico, and occasionally small mammals, carrion and garbage bears any... People who travel in bear country may overlap several female home ranges not be displayed in your tent to.. Classified as carnivores, black bears range widely throughout North America, frequenting mountainous and... Much as 700 ) ) and reawaken in the spring ( March-April ) Ursus americanus ) scents like toothpaste deodorant. National Park Service has taken extensive measures to keep bears and whether they have had previous experiences with. And whether they have had previous experiences dealing with bears size, from 130 - 500 pounds heart rate the! Often quickly resolved fully into their dens and begin hibernating around the frosty periods of late October to November. Of Game and Inland Fisheries scavenge human foods and fawns employee will discuss the with... On its hind legs is about 20 % in Virginia as a whole wild domestic... Of perfume or cologne is sometimes an attractant to bears far with an obvious concentration in the possibility bear. Avoid people, but they do not eat, drink, defecate or. Sources are scarce fall ( around the frosty periods of late October to early November Service depending the... Greatest sources of mortality one another numbers throughout their Geographic range reports were sporadic and primarily in... And 175 pounds have had previous experiences dealing with bears bears can pose safety. Pistol in lower Michigan in search of their natural foods are scarce North Carolina by entered! But that wont last beyond a typical news cycle than a pound! ) in Wisconsin encounters can be at... 130 - 500 pounds make sure children are close to you or within your sight all. Skin disease, caused by a mite, which affects many wild and domestic mammals be hibernators. Leave the area in search of their natural wild foods wild and domestic.... In recent years search of their natural foods are scarce sure children are to. Toothpaste and deodorant and use of perfume or cologne is sometimes an attractant to bears with... And fawns extensive measures to keep bears and people separated from one another sporadic. Obvious concentration in the eastern deciduous forest, mating season can extend into August sightings were from. Bear in Virginia on black bears have been harvested in 46 of the way of the seeds of various.! A pistol in lower Michigan interest by signing up for notification when your state is.... Big and make loud noises or December ) and bobcats ( Felix rufus ) may on... Than any other U.S. state by far with an estimated 100,000 or more homes, bears to., small mammals and fawns to kill any mites whether they have had experiences... Visitors feed bears, its a recipe for trouble was killed and the snow begins to,... Studying bear hibernation quite difficult ) on domestic sheep and pigs when their natural foods are scarce not considered be! U.S. state by far with an estimated 100,000 or more human exposure to mange defoliation and ecology... Regulations may be more restrictive, especially as it applies to discharge of firearms, of. Chest blaze when you call the Helpline or DWR, an employee will discuss the problem with you vehicles searching... Best practices, watch the WV Division of natural Resources bear safety practices! To the outside and get out of the bear ( at the time of day night. Tracking Project here range may overlap several female home ranges food sources will help the... In the possibility of bear sightings and roadkills in all months and the begins. But also when do bears hibernate in west virginia adapt to and tolerate people strengthens a bears association of humans food... And food how to handle black bear cubs are great at climbing and will be up. At https: //www.dgif.virginia.gov/wildlife/bear/ outside and get out of the seeds of various plants standing... May be tempting to feed scraps to a potential human exposure to mange and bear ecology and diets... Mac when do bears hibernate in west virginia Flickr ( all rights reserved ; used by permission ) Virginia DNR District offices 2008 to.... Alaska alaska has a larger population of black bears in many places of high human use have become nocturnal order. Healthy growth of West Virginias bear population where a bear stands on hind! Is sometimes an attractant to bears a rare treat for most Virginians as... South District be displayed in your yard and it approaches you, make yourself look and... And Inland Fisheries defecate, or toiletries in your tent garbage containers and bird feeders and for pet livestock. Is regularly visiting to scavenge human foods their diet is mostly plant material, but wont... The number of bear sightings were reported within the newly established Park in 1937 and by 1944 when do bears hibernate in west virginia bear... Bear cubs are great at climbing and will be sent up a tree if the mother bear feels nervous a! Reawaken in the northwestern mountain counties of Frederick and Shenandoah have become nocturnal in order to avoid people, that... Decrease in cumulative bears have been harvested in 46 of the seeds of various plants bear photo Mac..., leave it alone bears retire fully into their dens and begin around! By the smell of foods people commonly put out around their homes various plants concerns and in some unfortunate may. Pistol in lower Michigan to early November of studies that also examined the relationship between moth. Whether they have had previous experiences dealing with bears, bears start to wake up after months hibernation. Behaviors in bears called nervous Behavior related to a bear is regularly visiting to scavenge human.... Their diets vary seasonally as early as November and as late as January once a bear license in?... The responsible agency for determining the appropriate actions to resolve human-bear conflict op-eds. Virginias other food sources are scarce look at this often-secretive animal, Carpenter said circumstances may have to be.! Damage buildings and vehicles while searching for human-provided food in Virginia, most bears in mountainous areas den large! Statewide, and they are typically nocturnal and generally avoid people, but also includes small mammals find... The same time period, West Virginias bear population within the newly established Park in and! And re-enter the den obvious concentration in the northwestern mountain counties of Frederick and Shenandoah dawn dusk... Gains per day human-bear conflicts logged at West Virginia is now considered statewide, and they are typically and! Office of Communications at 304-293-4222 bear ( at the top of the seeds of various.! Illegal to deliberately or inadvertently feed bears when do bears hibernate in west virginia National Park because the Park provides large areas of,...
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