Updated: 02 Dec 2016 7:10 pm. Should not the classes and communities that, from time immemorial, have stood for these, receive encouragement from the Government? d. H\@>E-QoI7d1?Lfh%#LTY''V>VnwKOCs;u};pIkrm.q~e\#=mmKgrk)}%ton9FsFfhu09$*kW}c OzJ#^TY*_- Sir, Alexander (then Mr.) Cardew, now a member of the Madras Executive Council, in his evidence before the Public Service Commission in 1913, described in detail, the relative positions of the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins in the Public Service of this province, not certainly as a champion of non-Brahmin interest, but with a view to show that if simultaneous examinations in England and India for admission into the Indian Civil Service, were introduced, the Brahmins, whom he characterised as a small rigidly exclusive caste would swamp that Service. Hume, W.C. Bonnerjee, Budruddin Tayabji, S. Ramaswami Mudaliar, Rangiah Naidu, Rao Bahadur Sabhapathi Mudaliar and Sir Sankaran Nair, enlightened non-Brahmins all over the presidency gave it their hearty and loyal support. He called it as one "calculated to be harmful to the common causes and probably likely to promote the best interest of the classes, whom it sought to serve". b. THE NON-BRAHMIN MANIFESTO (1916) At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also . 48 . They raised the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunities in government employment and representation in elected bodies, which were dominated by Brahmins. New India's non-brahmin readers, many of whom were also in the Home Rule League, found the Non-Brahmin Manifesto objectionable for other reasons. :^|; )"+e.replace(/([\.$? The year 1916 was significant. Many Non-Brahmins were pained and surprised at the So that the non-Brahmin, however distinguished, has little or no chance of getting into the Senate of the Madras University through what is called the open door of election, In the election to the Imperial and local Legislative Councils and to municipal bodies one finds the same truth illustrated so far as these elections could be controlled by the "rigidly exclusive caste". <>>> 0000001176 00000 n Where an electorate is composed of a large number of Brahmins, the non-Brahmin Indian has hardly a chance., It nearly always happens that while the non-Brahmins do not concentrate upon a single candidate, Brahmin or non-Brahmin, the Brahmins nearly always unite and support their caste man, The Madras University, of which the majority of Indian Fellows, classified under the several Indian groups, are Brahmins, has never returned a non-Brahmin Indian, to the local Legislative Council, so much so that no non-Brahmin Indian, however well qualified otherwise, indulges in the hope of getting elected as member for the University in the Legislative Council, unless it be with the support of the European Fellows, At a meeting of the Madras Legislative Council, held in November 1914, in reply to an interpellation by the late Mr. Kunhi Raman Nayar, it was stated that the total number of registered graduates of the University was 650 of whom 452; were Brahmins, 12 non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belonged to other communities, and that since 1907, when election of Fellows by registered graduates began, 12 Fellows were elected, of whom with one exception all were Brahmins. 0000001477 00000 n Accordingly, at first . 9qrA8 !0,Cx7%b1|(`JIM&c0lHb1VUaqr/GQB& >p_N}-"W_+b=_zEkb /4w. position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . With regard to what obtains at the present moment in the various branches of the Government Service, it is needless to go into the figures. NonBrahmin Manifesto is not based on the origin of races. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. In the meantime, at a meeting held in the Victoria Public Hall the Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released in December 1916. Out of 140 Deputy Collectors in Madras at the time, 77 were Brahmins, 30 non-Brahmin Hindus, and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christians, Europeans and Anglo Indians. They were elitist in the beginning and their challenge was articulated by the Non-Brahmin Manifesto issued at the end of 1916. The South Indian People's Association issued the Non-Brahmin Manifesto in December 1916, to define the attitude of the non Brahmin communities in the Madras Presidency towards the Home Rule Movement. But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as "Nation building" is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. Many Non-Brahmins were 0000003479 00000 n 16. Not less than 40 out of 41% millions, who form the population of this presidency, are non-Brahmins, and the bulk of the tax payers, including a. large majority of the zamindars, landholders and agriculturists, also belong to the same class. 1-7. For our part, we deprecate, as we have suggested, the introduction of changes not warranted by the present conditions, we cannot too strongly condemn caste or class rule. a) 1909 b) 1919 c) 1915 d) 1917 Explanation In this context, the Dravidian movement emerged as a defence of the non-Brahmins against the Brahmin dominance. The manifesto became an important document that would shape the rise of Dravidian movement later. Hume, W.C. Bonnerjee, Budruddin Tayabji, S. Ramaswami Mudaliar, Rangiah Naidu, Rao Bahadur Sabhapathi Mudaliar and Sir Sankaran Nair, enlightened non-Brahmins all over the presidency gave it their hearty and loyal support. hb```b``e` Nair. The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India.It was established on 20 November 1916 in Victoria Public Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar and co-founded by T. M. Nair, P. Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. Justice Party released its non-Brahmin manifesto in December 1916. That was when Maraimalai Adikal (Swami Vethachalam) launched the pure Tamil movement against the use of Sanskrit words in Tamil. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples non brahmin manifesto released by. In 1917, August 19, TA Ramalinga Chetty organized the conference of Justice Party in Coimbatore. It opposed the Home Rule Movement as a movement ofBrahmins and feared that Home Rule might give them more power. The Hon. But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as Nation building is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. Communal division between Brahmins and non-Brahmins began in the presidency during the late-19th and early-20th . To quote one of the latest instances, of the 15 gentlemen elected from this presidency to represent it on the All India Congress Committee, with the exception of one solitary non-Brahmin Indian, all are practically Brahmins, and yet the decision of this committee, which is the executive of the Congress, upon matters of grave import, such as the revision of the Indian Constitution after the war, will be held up to the world's admiring gaze as the considered. On 1919 January 1, the title Dewan Bahadur was awarded to him The Justice Party was formed and the main aim of the Justice party was to neutralize the Home Rule. It is curious to note that even where competitive examinations did not exist, as for instance in the Subordinate Judicial Service of the presidency, the major portion of the appointments was in the hands of the Brahmins, Sir Alexander Cardew stated that, out of 128 permanent District Munsiffs in 1913, 93 were Brahmins, 25 non-Brahmin Hindus and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christiane, Europeans and Anglo-Indians, From these and other figures of a like nature, he naturally concluded that an open competition for the Civil Service in India would mean almost complete monopoly of the service by the Brahmin caste and the practical exclusion from it of the non-Brahmin classes. PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT WANTED AND NOT UNAUTHORIZED CONSTITUTION - MAKING. Tamil Nadu's public institutions have been exorcised of the Brahmin ghost and are now ruled by non-brahmins and non-Dalits. It was established in 1916 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in Madras Presidency. The manifesto articulated the voice of the non-Brahmin communities. Self Respectful S.Arivukkarasu, Presidium Chairman of Dravidar Kazhagam spoke on Leaders of Justice Party and their contributions. 0000034738 00000 n Old established traditions, the position of the Brahmins as the highest and the most sacred of the Hindu castes, the nature of their ancient calling, and the steady inculcation of the belief, both by written texts and oral, teaching, that they are so many divinely-ordained intermediaries without whose active intervention and blessing the soul cannot obtain salvation, and their consequent freedom from manual toil all these helped them to adapt themselves easily to the new conditions under British Rule, as under previous epochs, in large numbers and far more successfully than the other castes and communities, Apart, however, from the question of English education, are large material stakes, traditional and inherited interests in the soil and the social prestige that goes with it, influence among the masses, quiet and peaceful occupations that tend to the steady economic development of the province, and overwhelming numerical strength itself, to count for nothing? Non -brahmin Manifesto was the first document, and the facts and figures provided in it created a lot of awareness . 0000006533 00000 n In the manifesto, the Dravidian concept was anti-Brahmin specific because the patrons of the movement, the British imperialist rulers, had wanted it that way." The cause of revolt against Brahmin . During 1919-20, the Joint Select Committee held hearings to finalise the Government of India Bill 1919, . Periyar lived as an example to the ideals emphasized in the Kural couplet. In defence of all this practical monopoly of political power and high government appointments which make for that power, it is pointed out that though the Brahmins are only a small fraction of the population of this presidency, they are far ahead of other communities in regard to university qualification. cit., Appendix 1. 0000004158 00000 n It is difficult for anyone to compete with a man who in eloquence is effective, unflinching and fearless. The non-Brahmin urban middle class started unifying themselves and the 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' was published in 1916 followed by the formation of south Indian association in 1917. My functioning in the higher judiciary was commended by the former union law minister late Sankaranand for the cause of Social Justice. <> opinion, among others of the 40 millions of non-Brahmins of this large and important province, It is our unfortunate experience also that as concessions and rights are more freely bestowed, the rigidly exclusive caste grows still more rigid and exclusive. When I was one among the nine Judges of Supreme Court Constitutional Bench, formed to deal Indra Sawhney Vs Union of India, popularly known as Mandal Recommendation Implementation case. (b) What is the Non-Brahmin Manifesto? South Indian Liberal Federation (Justice Party) On 20 November 1916 around 30 prominent non-Brahmin leaders including Dr. C. Natesanar, Sir Pitti Theyagarayar, T.M. position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. Which among the following are Newspaper/s of SILF? Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party. opinion, among others of the 40 millions of non-Brahmins of this large and important province, It is our unfortunate experience also that as concessions and rights are more freely bestowed, the rigidly exclusive caste grows still more rigid and exclusive. Since then several non-brahmin conferences have been held at important district centres. The time has come when an attempt should be made to define the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called The Indian Home Rule Movement," and also to indicate certain facts with respect to their present political position. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj <>stream While we dissociate ourselves entirely from unauthorised Indian Constitution-making, which seems to be a favourite occupation with a certain class of politicians, we must say that we are strongly in favour of progressive political development of ax well-defined policy of trust in the people, qualified by prudence, and of timely and liberal concessions in the wake of proved fitness. Periyar cultural activity on memorial day of Comrade Periyar, Anti Caste Martyrs Day, launched the periyarwritings.org Website & Introduced The Reservation Rights book in English and Hindi. They had strengthened the journey of the Movement in their own way to achieve the ideals setforth by the founders of the Movement. Guided by their own sense of self-respect and enlightened self-interest, had they and their communities always acted in concert, even in the matter of Government appointments and political power, they would have been at the top, a place which is theirs by right, As it is, for want of efficient separate organisations of their own and of the instinct or the inclination to make the freest and the most effective use of the modern weapon of publicity their interests have not received their proper share of attention and recognition. The incident in Pune wherein a Brahmin employer filed a police complaintand the police filed a case under various lawsagainst her domestic help on the grounds that the latter misrepresented her caste highlighted the many levels of casteist prejudices even among the so-called 'caste-less' upper and middle classes. .-yww{9rsr.XdVl`p+Vx#mTBA t8BA t8Bl0}> {&MYGN(|E2_W>0|]_);QtDE'N(;Qt;1tb7 Fo7 Fo7 Fgs |a|1,!J%|B,=MS\{8.` W. Democratic in aims, an irresponsible bureaucracy now manipulates its wires. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. 0000010924 00000 n In these days of organised effort, they maintain no proper organisations for protecting and promoting their common interests and for preventing professional and other politicians, with hardly any corresponding stake in the country, from posing as their accredited spokesmen, Nor have they a press of their own to speak the truth on their behalf. Further, he expressed that only with the presence of courageous Judges with conviction of equity in the higher judiciary, the advancement of the oppressed section of the population was possible. This manifesto which came to be known as the Non-Brahmin Manifesto of 1916 was designed to secure the advancement of Non-Brahmins in the face of the so-called Brahmin monopoly in education, and in the professional and Government services. In the early days of the Indian National Congress, when that movement was directed and controlled on the spot by such sagacious and thoughtful men as the late Messrs. A.O. In these days of organised effort, they maintain no proper organisations for protecting and promoting their common interests and for preventing professional and other politicians, with hardly any corresponding stake in the country, from posing as their accredited spokesmen, Nor have they a press of their own to speak the truth on their behalf. The columns of The Hindu, for instance, were now open to all, including panchamas, and the latter had come to enjoy 'equality and fraternity in the eyes of the law' (NI 22.8.17). Chalam. 0000024697 00000 n Not satisfied with the possession of the key to the present political position, the radical politicians of this presidency, who are apparently never as happy as when they ask for fresh political concessions, irrespective of their suitability to the existing conditions, now ask for Home Rule, and from previous experience, we fear that, if a discordant note is not sounded at the proper time, it will, of course, be made out that all India is keen about Home Rule. No one denies, this. No one denies, this. Answer: Reservation of jobs for Non - Brahmins in Government service and seats in representative bodies. I have met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotibha Phule, who with his books Gulamgiri (1872) and Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak and his organisation Satya Shodhak Samaj, proclaimed the need "to save the lower castes from . But at the time of its release, it received widespread criticism; Tamil Nadu's legacy of social justice owes its existence to the formative years of Justice Party in power. But the spirit in which, the method by which, and the persons by whom, it is at present worked cannot, all of them, commend themselves to the thinking and self-respecting section of the non-Brahmin public of this presidency, The social reactionary and the impatient political idealists, who seldom has his foot on solid earth, have now taken almost complete possession of the Congress. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. As part of the yearlong celebrations of the Justice Party, the centenary commencement of Proclamation of Non-brahmin Manifesto (20th December 1916) was celebrated on 20th December 2015 at Periyar Thidal, Chennai. Great and pressing is the task. They came to be challenged by educated and trading community members of the non-Brahmin castes. 0000010027 00000 n H\n0)MZ)d8)R!uA",|/vmwg}Xq.5viUi[9x,SV&/Ku?c}x26Ga\LaLv>[6SaBlSBz5Yec^{duYg![F~SBXf EL_W+ The December 1916 "Non-Brahmin Manifesto" voiced its opposition to the Home Rule Movement. Chief Minister M K Stalin issued appointment letters to 24 non-Brahmins as priests and a woman as an odhuvar (singer of sacred hymns) recently, and they have started working. twentieth century. The BJP manifesto was launched by BJP state President B.S. 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