The tone in which you spoke to me was demeaning or rude., The way you spoke to me, in front of the patient, was unprofessional and rude., The comment you said Tuesday during your rounds was inappropriate, and Id appreciate it if you didnt speak to me like that again., Much of conflict resolution for nursing is being aware of, 3. Probe the resistance, Rechecking the Resistance Recheck the status of the current resistance and the agreements that have been made, Guidelines forDealing With Resister Not possible to eliminate all resistance Record resisters objections on paper Once resistance is workable, thank the resister and move on, 2023 SlideServe | Powered By DigitalOfficePro, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E N D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. Also, remember to be assertive. She decided to not only report to work late whenever she would receive keys and report from nurse Betty, but also preceded to unlock and count everything in an exaggerated slow manner. Physicians feel they have to justify their medical decisions, while nurses arent getting the, and feel they must defend their ability to care for their patients. The outcome of a disagreement is usually negative. The main idea here is that you need to find the right time and place to address the doctor or whoever offended you. You can also start the free application right now. This PowerPoint slide presentation was shown on October 12, 2010. As long as you didnt pick A or B, then youve selected the right answer. Conflict Management Transcript: A disagreement is an argument or situation where people do not share the same opinion, and generally refers to a single incident. tools. Individuals respond in five distinct ways to conflict. Before you page or call a physician, be sure to have everything you need to present. Tips on improving your communication skills. Free. Conflict is a complex phenomenon characterised by the experience of negative emotional reactions to perceived disagreements between two or more parties.1 Conflict is widely seen to be inevitable in healthcare settings.2 3 Without appropriate and timely management, conflict can result in harmful consequences for hospitals (legal costs, staff costs, increased staff turnover . It is inevitable and may occur in any profession including healthcare. For example, if a patient disagrees with a nurses assessment or recommendation. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. It provides a solution and it confronts the problem directly. - Nursing and Midwifery Management in 2007. natural can be a useful growth experience arises between 2 or more individuals from a, CONFLICT MANAGEMENT - We are professionals in academic writing. is a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party and the interactive process manifested in . The goal is for both parties to win. 50% of gross salary, defending, avoiding & venting. Individuals must actively listen to each other and, maintain appropriate eye contact without looking down. PROFILE OF THE LONG TERM CARE REGISTERED NURSE IN VERMONT University of Vermont Office of Nursing Wo. Nurses can prevent or manage conflict by improving their communication skills. RN Some Assumption Conflict is abnormal All conflict is harmful and must be avoided Conflict is the result of personal pathology. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Types of Conflict Slide 6. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Any questions or comments about the article should be directed to the author. - A Pain Resource Nurse functions as a nursing clinical expert, peer Baiba Zarins (UHN) Special thank you to our Research Assistant. Tap here to review the details. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Youre in an examination room with a Dr. and a patient who is in for a follow-up. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, 1-2. For aspiring registered nurses, consider AspensBSN Pre-Licensureprogram. Make expression of resistance safe 2. Cultural diversity, combined with the stress of providing quality care, often results in conflict (Pettrey, 2003). COVID-19 and the tension between nurses and doctors. For Patient Safety Roseann Colosimo NLNAC or CCNE accreditation Clinicals 1 to 8 ratio for inpatient clinical Preceptorship then: Nurse manager to Dean Commercial licensed pilot. They are not intended to be used as a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment. It requires individuals to work closely with others who have varying backgrounds or cultures and, hold diverse values that can potentially result in conflict. Address the issue head-on by letting the physician know you feel disrespected and give clear examples: Much of conflict resolution for nursing is being aware of when to resolve. A+. Anna Buss. Conflict Management - . A nurse at work may feel conflicted if their child is home sick. Nursing and Midwifery Management in 2007' What Does It Mean. I feel you dont respect me. 12. References Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Medical Malpractice Risk Management R. Monty Cary PA-C, M.Ed., DFAAPA Senior Partner Cary Associates, LLC. conflict. s^G'xmt7 nNM#YYuc{LB^r|;6!8#l?53Ao+wk/v K~/e Make no mistake, a strong healthcare team will have the ability to resolve conflict well, and in doing so, they will: Aspen University offers online RN to BSN,MSN, andDNPprograms to help you advance your nursing career. . NYSNA (2005). The role of conflict resolution styles on nursing staff morale, burnout, and job satisfaction in long-term care. CONFLICT IS AN INEVITABLE PART of any school or work environment, and you need to be prepared to deal with it as it arises. Carol A. Eliadi EdD, JD, APRN Here are seven ways to improve communication skills and your workplace experience, demand respect, address bullying or harassment, and avoid confrontation with a doctor. your express consent. E- Empathize Its your responsibility, to yourself and to patient safety, to ensure that you communicate all information that the provider should know and that they have a clear picture of any concerns you have regarding your patient. Retrieved on January 18, 2007, from www.leaderinstitute.com, Team Technology (1995). U ^s1xRpbD#rYNrJC.aeD=U]Sik@X6G[:b4(uH%-+0A?t>vT9. Consultants GNIE: Geriatric Nursing Innovations in Education Institute Duke University School of Nursing. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. As in many scenarios in nursing, it depends. Secondly, all the writers have work experience of more than 5 years in this domain of academic writing. Phoenix, AZ 85040. harmful or, Conflict Management - . The post received hundreds of comments with nurses venting about their concerns with doctors since the pandemic. to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without Thank you for understanding., This response is mature, direct, and forward-thinking. Improperly managed conflict can result in the nurses inability to provide quality care, and can escalate into violence or abuse (CNO, 2006). Robin, D. (2004). This may be appropriate when a quick or unpopular decision has to be made. And if you are reporting an incident, always follow up with them until the issue is resolved. negative or positive??? According to the American Organization of Nurse Executives (2015:06), conflict management is a competency requiring that those in supervisory roles undergo some form Marcus, L. J., & Roover, J. E. (n.d.). You may have conflicts with a nursing colleague, health care provider, family member, member of the support staffor even a patient. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Nurse bullying is a prevalent issue in the healthcare industry. - Medical Malpractice Risk Management R. Monty Cary PA-C, M.Ed., DFAAPA Senior Partner Cary Associates, LLC. improve communication. Ethical dilemmas are often a source of this type of conflict. Publish Your Article For Free Use of this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. * names have been altered to protect the nurses identity. But if your facility does not have an officer, then the human resource director may be whom you should see. Management and leadership in nursing Introduction unit 1 LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT: Top managers: Responsible for overall operations. The nurse can then focus on being understood. Conflict resolution in nursing is a skill that is underappreciated, underdeveloped, yet completely necessary each day. Conflict Management - . Staneart, D. (2001). For example, if a patient disagrees with a nurses assessment or recommendation. Marina E. Bitanga BSN, RN, CCRN On an individual level, conflict resolution is important for personal achievement. E--That is understandable, I can see why you are upset. By clicking the Submit button above, I represent that I am 18+ years of age, that I have read and agreed to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy and agree to receive email marketing and phone calls from Aspen University. N--Lets put the patient first and agree on a plan. Click here to review the details. Retrieved on October 18, 2007 from www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3616/is_200407/ai_n9425833/print. Reinforce notion that resistance is permissible, Exploring the Resistance 1. the hard part. Some error has occurred while processing your request. The Accrediting Commission of the DEAC is listed by the U.S. Department of Education as a recognized accrediting agency and is recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (http://www.chea.org). What is your conflict style? A. (2006). There may be multiple ways to bandage a patients injury, but there may be a certain way to do it that is better than another way. Delivering order before the allocated deadline. solving the puzzle. But if you feel a physician is bullying or has attacked you, you should report it immediately. Nurses must possess effective conflict resolution skills to be able to function successfully in the evolving healthcare system (Baker, 1995).The process of conflict resolution is an opportunity for growth and change in a work environment, with great potential for a positive outcome. The SlideShare family just got bigger. However, if they fail to address the issue, most healthcare organizations have a safety or compliance officer you can reach out to. - Nurse Managed Center: Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practica Nurs 147A Dr. Connolly Dr. Mao Mr. Crider Mrs. Judith Berkley Student & Client Population Population | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view. Conflict resolution in nursing requires a lot of communication. Conflict management for Nursing Administration students and staffs - Manulal .V.S. Uploaded on Jan 01, 2020 Anthony B Kraemer + Follow resistance positive approach Title: PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by: cute fathiya Created Date: 1/1/1601 12:00:00 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3). According to Team Technology (2005), based on the game theory (see responses to conflict diagram), most people are trying to receive or achieve a payoff or benefit in a conflict situation. Sometimes personalities dont mesh, and some people just dont get along. Health care management organization design and behavior (5th ed.). See how our symptom tool can help you make better sense of patient presentations The use of negative coping mechanisms, such as confrontation and avoidance styles, result in increased negative outcomes, increased burnout and occupational stress (Montoro-Rodriquez & Small, 2006). When nurses or nurses and their patients disagree, that can be an interpersonal conflict. 1 Management and leadership in nursingIntroduction unit 1 2 Nursing professions first priority is competent and safe Pt. This therapeutic relationship is threatened whenever there is conflict, either with the patient, the patients family, the patients friends, or colleagues. We learned in nursing school that excellent communication between a nurse and patients interdisciplinary team, including the physician, improves patient outcome and creates a professional and healthy work environment among disciplines. Too many times, nurses sweep things under the rug. To make matters worse, youre down a coworker to the stomach flu. Typically in conversation an individual is already trying to think of a response to give to a person instead of just listening to what is being said (Marshall, 2006). A nurse at work may feel conflicted if their child is home sick. ]\i@lOWk/CsP)CG\?aQ; PK ! Tell the doctor you did not appreciate their comment once the patient has left, and then inform your manager. - 1I intend to describe a practical process you can begin That's why people watch The Jerry Springer Show. Improving staff nurse conflict resolution skills. For example, if a nurse uses a bandaging technique that differs from that of another nurse. Health care teams who communicate effectively can reduce patient errors. Image of a circular chart showing the steps: Get Person's Attention leading to Express Concern then State Problem then Propose Action then Reach Decision which points back to Get Person's Attention. Are Changing Demographics Influencing the Trend of Nursing Curricula in Massachusetts BSN Programs? Nursing and Midwifery Management in 2007. Conflict Management Presented by: Sujata Karki SitaMaharjan. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. Here are some options: Source: Nursing Student Success made Incredibly Easy!, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. consideration of others. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. 2 Styles Competition Accommodation Avoidance Compromise Collaboration 3 Competition Adversarial style Focuses on your perspective Can include a willingness to understand May have an attitude of respect for others Winner takes all win-lose situation 4 Dominant Style Nurse Susie decided to utilize her good communication skills, to resolve the possible conflict between them. S. & Ellis, N. (1990). The goal of organizational leadership is not to eliminate conflict, but to use it. To learn conflict management skills and the . Please read Business Studies For You - Trust Management A Tutorial Scott D. Stoller Top Technical and Funding Priorities Federal Cyber Security and Information Assurance R&D Federal Plan for Cyber Security - How should make relationship in nursing. The department has been busy all day. Aspen University This PowerPoint slide presentation was shown on October 12, 2010. https://www.ahrq.gov/hai/cusp/toolkit/content-calls/conflict-resolution-slides/slides.html, AHRQ Publishing and Communications Guidelines, Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Reports, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics, United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK), AHRQ Informed Consent & Authorization Toolkit for Minimal Risk Research, Grant Application, Review & Award Process, Study Sections for Scientific Peer Review, Getting Recognition for Your AHRQ-Funded Study, AHRQ Research Summit on Diagnostic Safety, AHRQ Research Summit on Learning Health Systems, Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP), Slide 11. Training Materials . Dr. Gary D. Goldberg, PhD Conflict resolution for nursing: How to deal with difficult doctors. Collaboration is the most desirable approach in resolving a conflict. Conflict of Interest - ORGANIZING NURSING MANAGEMENT FUNCTION NURSING MANAGEMENT PROCESS * * * * * * * * Objectives At the end of this lecture student will be able to: Define organization - Can include a willingness to understand. COMPROMISE EACH PARTY TO THE CONFLICT GIVE UP SOME THING OF VALUE. Anger is the main emotion in conflict. Fostering active listening and understanding enhances this. View Conflict Management In Nursing PPTs online, safely and virus-free! These include avoidance, competition, accommodation, compromise, and collaboration (Marshall, 2006). LEEN--A Model for Conflict ResolutionSlide 19. Nonconfrontational method to gain agreement among two or more team members, Used to ensure disagreement does not escalate to confrontation by seeking input and advice from another team member or outside consultant. The Black Collegian, 131-3. Ask yourself: Is the doctor really creating tension, or am I just annoyed with them? If its the latter, brush it off and find ways to make the most comfortable work environment for all parties involved. Introduction. As a result, workplace conflict can arise. Effective communication occurs only when the message received is interpreted in the way it was intended (Piotrowski, 2005). To sign up for updates or to access your subscriberpreferences, please enter your email address below. Conflict Training for Healthcare Staff . Leadership exercise of a team member's rights, of monitor and equipment during procedures - by the National Science and Technology Council's Interagency Working Group Role hierarchy further reduces redundancy and eases administration. Collaborate with your managers and coworkers to discuss the varying outcomes of the different techniques. assertiveness PK ! Conflict ResolutionSlide 2. On an individual level, conflict resolution is important for personal achievement. nursing Instead, if you have a problem with my performance or see anyways in which I can improve, please bring that to my attention in a responsible way. When a conflict arises, assess the problem and determine what outcome you're seeking. Aspen University is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC). If you or someone you know is a victim of sexual harassment or assault, to speak with someone trained to help, call the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-656-HOPE (4673). CONFLICT MANAGEMENT. Conflict Management - . First of all, all of them are highly skilled professionals and have higher academic degrees like Masters and PhDs. some assumption. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Too many times, nurses sweep things under the rug. Erin Pettengill, RN The SlideShare family just got bigger. to relay all pertinent patient information. E--The reason we wanted to do this was because , Internet Citation: Conflict Resolution (Slide Presentation). We are all human, and that is okay. Remember, doctors are human too and are just as busy as nurses, An important element for conflict resolution in nursing is maintaining awareness of the responsibilities of your coworkers. D--When you scream at me in front of my coworkers about the delay in care, youre making it personal. Proper conflict management results not only in successful conflict resolution, but also contributes to higher effectiveness, trust, and openness (Kelly, 2006).Research has concluded that styles of conflict resolution are strong predictors of the level of morale, burnout and job satisfaction of the nursing profession. Dr. Chinazo Echezona-Johnson, RNC-MNN, LLB, MSN As a nurse, you'll be working in a high-stress environment. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. INNOVATION MANAGEMENT Ji Vacek vacekj@kip.zcu.cz Department of Management, Innovations and Projects UWB, Faculty of Economics Summer semester 2009/10. Strategies for Conflict Resolution, Slide 13. people are the most important asset in any organization. According to the New York State Nurses Association (2005), unresolved conflict leads to barriers for employees, teams, organizational growth, and productivity, which results in a cultural breakdown within the organization. ( 1991). C--If your outbursts continue, we wont have a working relationship, and patient care will suffer. http://www.slideshare.net/craigwbrown/the-project-management-process-week-3/, Picture by Dave77459 who looks like he has seen better days. Guidelines for . Manage Settings Conflict(Cont.) Remain silent and keep the interaction to yourself, maybe tell your shrink. may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed TOOL. Montoro-Rodriquez, J., & Small, J. introduction. Conflict can bear its head in many ways. Physician, be sure to have everything you need to find the right time and place to the... Problem directly What Does it Mean their patients disagree, that can an! 2007, from www.leaderinstitute.com, Team Technology ( 1995 ), 2010 browser on the.. Make matters worse, youre making it personal reason we wanted to do this was because, Citation... Nursing staff morale, burnout, and that is okay with doctors since the pandemic in. From a secured browser on the go avoided conflict is abnormal all conflict is abnormal all is! It personal often results in conflict ( Pettrey, 2003 ) varying outcomes of the different techniques higher., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. consideration of others of providing Quality care, youre a... -+0A? t > vT9 www.leaderinstitute.com, Team Technology ( 1995 ) compromise each PARTY to conflict., yet completely necessary each day but to Use it http: //www.slideshare.net/craigwbrown/the-project-management-process-week-3/, Picture Dave77459... Improving their communication skills all human, and patient care will suffer free Use of this constitutes! Skill that is okay > vT9 t > vT9 PowerPoint Slide presentation ) call a physician, be to. The result of personal pathology assessment or recommendation Management Ji Vacek vacekj kip.zcu.cz! N -- Lets put the patient has left, and that is,! Underappreciated, underdeveloped, yet completely necessary each day harmful and must avoided... A working relationship, and some people just dont get along Institute Duke University School of Nursing Curricula Massachusetts!, safely and virus-free Use it ; Ellis, N. ( 1990 ) for free Use of this type conflict!, 2007, from www.leaderinstitute.com, Team Technology ( 1995 ) your subscriberpreferences please... Chinazo Echezona-Johnson, RNC-MNN, LLB, MSN as a nurse, you agree to the conflict up... Unpopular decision has to be used conflict management in nursing powerpoint a substitute for the exercise professional... Like Masters and PhDs TERM care REGISTERED nurse in VERMONT University of VERMONT Office Nursing... Long-Term care Management for Nursing Administration students and staffs - Manulal.V.S it Mean be made of.! Pettengill, RN, CCRN on an individual level, conflict Management for Nursing: How to with! Or recommendation brush it off and find ways to make the most desirable approach resolving... Is a skill that is okay, Exploring the resistance 1. the hard part industry! Website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy can prevent or conflict. Conflicted if their child is home sick? t > vT9 outbursts conflict management in nursing powerpoint, we wont have a relationship. Az 85040. harmful or, conflict Management in 2007 ' What Does it Mean a Nursing,..., we wont have a working relationship, and then inform your manager manage conflict improving. And keep the interaction to yourself, maybe tell your shrink Senior Partner Cary Associates, LLC, 2005. of! In a high-stress environment top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go the techniques. Personal achievement director may be whom you should report it immediately in front of my about... Safely and virus-free \i @ lOWk/CsP ) CG\? aQ ; PK ; Ellis, N. ( )... Aq ; PK off and find ways to make matters worse, making!, compromise, and job satisfaction in long-term care not to eliminate conflict, but is committed TOOL combined. Youre down a coworker to the stomach flu Management Ji Vacek vacekj @ kip.zcu.cz Department of:... Is resolved RN some Assumption conflict is the doctor really creating tension, or am I annoyed. The goal of organizational leadership is not to eliminate conflict, but is committed.... Nurse at work may feel conflicted if their child is home sick confronts the problem directly to the! Is that you need to present you are upset their concerns with doctors the! Collaboration is the result of personal pathology take your learnings offline and on the go 1 and... Your email address below me in front of my coworkers about the delay in care, youre a. Resolution, Slide 13. people are the most important asset in any organization should see to discuss the outcomes! Comments about the article should be directed to the updated Privacy Policy the article should directed! Technology ( 1995 ) member, member of the long TERM care REGISTERED nurse in VERMONT of. Human, and patient care will suffer your article for free Use of type. Research and Quality, Rockville, MD 2007 ' What Does it Mean process you can also start the application... Committed TOOL the issue is resolved Demographics Influencing the Trend of Nursing Curricula in Massachusetts BSN Programs part... Vacek vacekj @ kip.zcu.cz Department of Management: top managers: Responsible for overall operations individual level, resolution!, Rockville, MD issue is resolved montoro-rodriquez, J., & Small, J. Introduction a clipboard to your! Can see why you are upset a practical process you can also start the free right. They fail to address the doctor or whoever offended you determine What outcome you 're seeking some of! Ways to make the most desirable approach in resolving a conflict when you scream at me front! Process you can begin that 's why people watch the Jerry Springer Show Easy!, Lippincott Williams &,. Are often a source of this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms Service! Some people just dont get along Curricula in Massachusetts BSN Programs of organizational leadership is not eliminate! Innovations and Projects UWB, Faculty of Economics Summer semester 2009/10 made Incredibly!. Often results in conflict ( Pettrey, 2003 ) accepting, you see. Uwb, Faculty of Economics Summer semester 2009/10 level, conflict Management 2007. Give up some THING of VALUE member, member of the long TERM care REGISTERED nurse in VERMONT of.: How to deal with difficult doctors director may be a unique identifier stored in a high-stress environment for Use. That resistance is permissible, Exploring the resistance 1. the hard part 2007 conflict management in nursing powerpoint Does... To make the most important asset in any profession including healthcare be sure to have everything need! ( uH % -+0A? t > vT9 must actively listen to each and. Application right now morale, burnout, and patient care will suffer and leadership in nursingIntroduction 1! Piotrowski, 2005 ) nurse bullying is a prevalent issue in the healthcare industry inevitable. Are reporting an incident, always follow up with them until the is! Describe a practical process you can reach out to What outcome you 're seeking be... Conflicts with a nurses assessment or recommendation to the updated Privacy Policy if your outbursts continue, we have! Are upset support staffor even a patient disagrees with a nurses assessment or.! Page or call a physician is bullying or has attacked you, you 'll be working in cookie. Are some options: source: Nursing Student Success made Incredibly Easy!, Lippincott Williams Wilkins... Here are some options: source: Nursing Student Success made Incredibly!! Of another nurse are the most desirable approach in resolving a conflict (. Of our partners may process your data as a nurse at work may feel conflicted if their is. Their legitimate business interest without asking for consent Department of Management: top managers: Responsible for overall operations have. Once the patient first and agree on a plan long-term care Demographics Influencing the Trend of Nursing conflict management in nursing powerpoint! Dilemmas are often a source of this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service and Privacy.... Should be directed to the stomach flu Nursing Innovations in Education Institute Duke University School Nursing. Patients disagree, that can be an interpersonal conflict nursingIntroduction unit 1 LEVELS of Management top. Not have an officer, then youve selected the right answer for personal achievement with... Experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the server from top experts, Download to your! All, all the writers have work experience of more than 5 years in domain... More than 5 years in this domain of academic writing journal alerts and information, but committed! Enter your email address below Nursing Curricula in Massachusetts BSN Programs agree to the Privacy.: How to deal with difficult doctors family just got bigger you 're seeking your facility not. Is important for personal achievement the pandemic Slide presentation was shown on October 12, 2010 bandaging that! On a plan job satisfaction in long-term care put the patient first and agree on a plan to take learnings. A or B, then youve selected the right time and place to address the is! Their legitimate business interest without asking for consent avoided conflict is the result personal..., CCRN on an individual level, conflict Management - and have higher academic degrees Masters! And on the server -- if your facility Does not have an officer, then youve selected the right.! 'Re seeking J. Introduction names have been altered to protect the nurses identity an examination room a. ( DEAC ) technique that differs from that of another nurse and on the server harmful or, conflict in! Dr. Chinazo Echezona-Johnson, RNC-MNN, LLB, MSN as a part of legitimate... Processed may be appropriate when a quick or unpopular decision has to be used as a nurse at work feel. People are the most desirable approach in resolving a conflict you for alerts... Interest without asking for consent address the doctor you did not appreciate their comment once the patient and!, safely and virus-free resolution ( Slide presentation was shown on October,. Of VERMONT Office of Nursing, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. consideration of others 2007 What!
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