When the tablet is dissolved in water, bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) and hydrogen ions (H +) are formed . The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially: Make certain your health care professional knows if you are on any special diet, such as a low-sodium or low-sugar diet. Balanced chemical equation & Type of reaction for the following: 1) lead (lI) nitrate and sodium dichromate 2) magnesium and hydrochloric acid 3)sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric 4) ammonium chloride and distilled water. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. If your doctor directs you to take these medicines together on a regular basis, follow his or her directions carefully. The product will appear as a solid mass when crystallization is completed. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. What Antibiotics Inhibit Protein Synthesis? Let's first take note of the ester on aspirin: This reaction occurs on the ester, so for simplicity's sake, we will refer to the benzene group as 'R1' and the methane group as 'R2': Let's first go through the mechanism under acidic conditions. The aqueous layer may be later acidified with \(\ce{HCl} \left( aq \right)\) if desired to convert the benzoic acid back to its neutral form. Aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid combination may also be used to lessen the chance of heart attack, stroke, or other problems that may occur when a blood vessel is blocked by blood clots. H 2 SO 4 ( use a dropper, H2SO4 is highly corrosive) and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves. The balanced and labeled equation for dissolving aspirin into aqueous solution is follows: In the above reaction, one mole of strong acid (aspirin) reacts with weaker base (sodium bicarbonate) and forms 1 mole of weaker acid (carbon dioxide and water) and 1 mole of stronger base (sodium acetyl salicylate). Place the number of tablets needed for one dose (1 or 2 tablets) into a glass. Stir the crude solid with 25 mL of a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution in a 150 mL beaker until all signs of reaction have ceased (evolution of \(CO_2\) ceases). Aspirin is widely used for head and neuralgic pains, rheumatic conditions, painful symptoms of various etiologies, and eliminating painful feelings during menstruation. Chances are you've probably used aspirin at some point in your life. Aspirin is dissolved in drinking water at pH 2 and 37 C, which is the temperature of human body, whereas the pH of titration aspirin solution ranges from 2-10. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. be either acetanilide or phenacetin. Aspirin belongs to the group of medicines known as salicylates and to the group of medicines known as anti-inflammatory analgesics. 283. When the product is completely dry, weigh its weight, determine its melting point (lit mp 135 C) and calculate the percentage yield of this recrystallized product. Miles Medicine Company of Elkhart, Indiana, United States.Alka-Seltzer contains three active ingredients: aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) (ASA), sodium bicarbonate, and anhydrous citric acid. Aspirin can undergo hydrolysis, making it not as effective if it's exposed to water for extended periods of time. This page titled 4.8: Acid-Base Extraction is shared under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Lisa Nichols via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. The residual carboxylic acid can be removed from the desired ester product using an acid-base extraction in a separatory funnel. Aspirin is an acidic medicine associated with gastric irritation and acid reflux, which in turn can lead to low oral pH levels. This is a substitution reaction in which an alcohol (the -OH group in salicylic acid) reacts with acetic anhydride to form an ester, aspirin. Please provide balanced Do not drink alcoholic beverages. Aspirin is a monoprotic weak acid, K a = 2.8 x 10 -4 at 25 o C, so very little of the molecular aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissociates to form acetylsalicylate ions. Although the following side effects occur very rarely when 1 or 2 doses of this combination medicine is taken occasionally, they may be more likely to occur if: too much medicine is taken, the medicine is taken several times a day, or the medicine is taken for more than a few days in a row. { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1:__Synthesis_of_Aspirin_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "2:__Synthesis_of_Acetaminophen_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3:_Extraction_of_Caffeine_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4:_Thin_Layer_Chromatography_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "5:_Synthesis_of_Isopentyl_Acetate_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6:__Steam_Distillation_of_Methyl_Salicylate_Hydrolysis_of_an_Ester_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "7:_Distillation_of_a_Mixture_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8:_Identification_of_Unknowns_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "9:_Multistep_Synthesis_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Intermediate_Chemical_Experimentation : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Lab_I : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Lab_II : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Misc : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", The_Synthesis_and_Characterization_of_Carbonyl_Compounds : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "Aspirin", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FAncillary_Materials%2FLaboratory_Experiments%2FWet_Lab_Experiments%2FOrganic_Chemistry_Labs%2FExperiments%2F1%253A__Synthesis_of_Aspirin_(Experiment), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 2: Synthesis of Acetaminophen (Experiment), SYNTHESIS OF ASPIRIN (acetylsalicylic acid), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Soluble aspirin tablets contain sodium carbonate mostly to produce this reaction and solubility. This reaction can occur under acidic or basic conditions. Aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid combination is used to relieve pain occurring together with heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them: Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. Since it's so nucleophilic the carbonyl is already electrophilic enough as it is without hydrogenating the oxygen: Then when the electrons from the oxygen go back down to form a double bond two things may occur. First, the carbonyl, or the carbon double bonded to the oxygen, is made into a really strong electrophile, or electron deficient atom, by adding a hydrogen to the oxygen: Now that the carbonyl is a good electrophile, the electrons from the oxygen on water can attack: Then a proton transfer occurs in order to make the alcohol with R1 a good leaving group: The electrons from the oxygen are pushed back onto the carbonyl, which pushes off the alcohol attached to R1, since that is now a good leaving group: So at this point, we have our first product, salicylic acid. Taking the medicines too close together may lessen the effects of aspirin. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, What is Aspirin? the two possible structures of the unknown component, which maybe . It neutralizes stomach acid by combining with it to form a new substance that is not an acid. When the esterification reaction is complete, water will be added to the mixture. One difference in using the base \(\ce{NaHCO_3}\) instead of \(\ce{NaOH}\) is that the byproduct carbonic acid \(\left( \ce{H_2CO_3} \right)\) can decompose to water and carbon dioxide gas. Drugs do not cross biological membranes when they are ionized. Reaction: HCO 3 - (aq) + H + (aq) H 2 O (l) + CO 2 (g) The tablets contain sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) and citric acid. The Merck Index, which is an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals, lists the following information under aspirin: acetylsalicylic acid; monoclinic tablets or needle-like crystals; mp 135 C (rapid heating); is odorless, but in moist air it is gradually hydrolyzed into salicylic and acetic acids; one gram dissolves in 300 mL of water at 25 C, in 100 mL of water at 37 C, in 5 mL alcohol, in 17 mL chloroform. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Check with your doctor if your pain and/or upset stomach last for more than 10 days for adults or 5 days for children or if they get worse, if new symptoms occur, or if the painful area is red or swollen. However, due to the very large surface area for absorption in the intestine, all the aspirin enters the bloodstream. Other adults and teenagers should not take more than 6 regular-strength flavored tablets, 8 regular-strength unflavored tablets, or 7 extra-strength tablets a day. Sodium oxide. This causes the solid to begin to form or precipitate. Read all information given to you. The conjugate base is a salt and is water soluble; therefore, it is removed from the organic solvent layer. This is especially important if your diabetes is not well-controlled. Or it may kick off the alcohol, and since this is a better leaving group, this is the more likely process: We now have the acetic acid and the salicylic acid, without the hydrogen. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. The balanced chemical equation is: NaHCO 3 + HC 2 H 3 O 2 NaC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 O + CO 2. Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding. This is the balanced equation of hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate. The balanced chemical equation for HCL and NaCO3 is NaHCO3 (s) + H (as) = Na (as) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l). Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 25). Sodium acetylsalicylate with hydrochloric acid Ronald has taught college level chemistry. All rights reserved. between skeletal and condensed structures. At least 8 hours before or 2 hours after taking enoxacin (e.g., Penetrex). The aspirin in this combination is the pain reliever. The rest of the molecule is rather non-polar and thus not very soluble in polar solvents like water. All rights reserved. tablets that contain aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, C 9 H 8 O 4), citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3). Also, the sodium in this combination medicine can be harmful to some elderly people, especially if large amounts of the medicine are taken regularly. Using aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid with any of the following medicines is not recommended. The reaction between baking soda and vinegar actually occurs in two steps, but the overall process can be summarized by the following word equation: baking soda ( sodium bicarbonate) plus vinegar (acetic acid) yields carbon dioxide plus water plus sodium ion plus acetate ion. About 70% of the unchanged aspirin is absorbed in both stomach and in the upper intestine with 30% of salicylate. Aspirin belongs to the group of medicines known as salicylates and to the group of medicines known as anti-inflammatory . A TLC plate of the reaction mixture at 1 hour of reflux showed residual unreacted carboxylic acid (Figure 4.56c), which is not uncommon due to the energetics of the reaction. In the small intestine the aspirin solubility is improved, whereas the lower down you go through the small intestine the higher the pH will be and by having a large surface area the absorption of aspirin would be increased. ChildrenThe dose depends on the child's age. Polyesters are often made from dicarboxylic acids and diols. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take. be either acetanilide or phenacetin. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Add 5 mL (0.05 mole) of acetic anhydride, followed by 5 drops of conc. When an Alka Seltzer tablet is dropped into water, an acid-base reaction between the citric acid / acetylsalicylic acid (generalized as H+) and the sodium bicarbonate (acting as the base) occurs, Aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid combination may also be used to lessen the chance of heart attack, stroke, or other problems that may occur when a blood vessel is blocked by blood clots. These could be signs of a serious condition that needs medical treatment. Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is perhaps the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic medication worldwide, having been in clinical use for over 100 years. Do not add the water until crystal formation is complete. R-COOH + NaHCO3 R-COO (1-)Na (1+) + CO2 Check to be sure that the tablets have disappeared completely. Vacuum filter the product using a Buchner funnel. Dissolve in 1/2 cup (4 ounces/120 mL) of water. Aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid combination is used to relieve pain occurring together with heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion. A polymeric material, which is a polyester, is formed in this reaction. Which of the atoms labeled 1-4 is an electrophile? However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not give any medicine containing aspirin to a child with fever or other symptoms of a virus infection, especially flu or chickenpox, without first discussing its use with your child's doctor . The chemical formula of sodium bicarbonate is NaHCO3. Taking an overdose of aspirin may cause unconsciousness or death, especially in young children. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The sodium bicarbonate in this combination medicine can keep other medicines from working properly if the 2 medicines are taken too close together. In the stomach, about 24% of aspirin is ionized. Do not take aspirin to prevent blood clots or a heart attack unless it has been ordered by your doctor. When NaHCO 3 is heated above 110 C, H 2 O and CO 2 are produced by a chemical change. Note: An example of a reaction that often uses sodium bicarbonate wash in the work-up is a Fischer Esterification reaction. It is used in conditions such as fevers, prevention and treatment of thrombosis and embolism, and for prevention of ischemic abnormalities and cerebral blood circulation. Be sure to first cool the aqueous solution in an ice bath before extraction if the acidification created noticeable heat. In this section are described differences between general extraction procedures and the process as summarized in Figure 4.59. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate by Other (see comment). Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. \(\ce{RCO_2H}\)), basic (e.g. Add a little more water to the glass and drink that, to make sure that you get the full amount of the medicine. Creating the Reaction. Sodium salicylate is roughly 350 times more soluble in water than salicylic acid due to its ionic character (Figure 4.55), and it is rather insoluble in organic solvents such as diethyl ether. The phenol group on the salicylic acid forms an ester with the carboxyl group on the acetic acid. ThoughtCo. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. For example, imagine that a mixture of benzoic acid and cyclohexane is dissolved in an organic solvent like ethyl acetate in a separatory funnel. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment. The Balanced Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis, Making Sodium Carbonate From Sodium Bicarbonate, What Happens to Candle Wax When a Candle Burns, Baking Soda Chemical Formula (Sodium Bicarbonate), Modeling Clay Recipes Using Home Ingredients, Equation for the Reaction Between Baking Soda and Vinegar, The Difference Between Baking Soda and Baking Powder, Examples of Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life, Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College. The following information includes only the average doses of aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid. Why is it not necessary to measure the volume of acetic anhydride to two significant figures? A drug would not be effective if the human body does not break down and absorb the drug easily. In the synthesis reaction of aspirin, the salicylic acid is the limiting reactant and the acetic anhydride is in excess. Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Normally, you measure reactants to at least two significant figures. If acetic anhydride is used instead of acetic acid, the reaction is much faster and has a higher yield since acetic anhydride is much more reactive than acetic acid. Therefore, it is best that older people not use aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid for more than 5 days in a row, unless otherwise directed by their doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. This is a fairly slow reaction unless it's also heated. Slower gastric absorption due to increased pH is not reflected in the overall slower absorption. After acidification, two routs may be taken, depending on if the acidic component is solid or liquid. If sodium. chemical equations for the following reactions: Also, please draw Cool the mixture slightly in an ice bath until crystallization is completed. Carefully pour the filtrate with stirring, a small amount at a time, into an ice cold HCl solution (, Filter the solid by suction and wash the crystals 3X with 5 mL of. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. The reaction in this activity involves using sodium bicarbonate and citric acid to produce water and carbon dioxide. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines. H. Heat the flask gently on the steam bath for at least 10 minutes. Smaller amounts or occasional use of aspirin usually will not affect the test results. The chemical equation of the reaction can be deduced when heating the sodium bicarbonate (9). \[\begin{array}{ccccccccc} \ce{PhCO_2H} \left( aq \right) & + & \ce{NaOH} \left( aq \right) & \rightarrow & \ce{H_2O} \left( l \right) & + & \ce{PhCO_2Na} \left( aq \right) & & \left( \text{or } \ce{PhCO_2^-} \ce{Na^+} \right) \\ \text{Carboxylic acid} & & & & & & \text{Carboxylate salt} & & \end{array}\]. Entela Treska has a Master Degree in Teaching and Learning and a PhD in Chemistry. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The aspirin in this combination is the pain reliever. (straight-line), condensed, skeletal (bond-line) or combination Aspirin, an acetyl derivative of salicylic acid, is a white, crystalline and a weakly acidic substance. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. For oral dosage forms (effervescent tablets): Adults and teenagersOne or two regular-strength (325-milligram [mg]) tablets every four to six hours as needed, one extra-strength (500-mg) tablet every four to six hours as needed, or two extra-strength (500-mg) tablets every six hours as needed, dissolved in water. Sodium hydroxide reacts with the acetylsalicylic acid but not with the starch binders. If the pH of the gastric has risen up to pH 6, there would be a decrease of about 1% of the area of absorption as the majority of aspirin would then be in a less permeable ionized form. Acetylsalicylic acid is a synthetic organic derived from salicylic acid. Aspirin is a pain reliever and fever reducer, but if it's allowed to react with water then it can undergo hydrolysis, forming salicylic acid and acetic acid, which is no longer effective. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Equation for the Decomposition of Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)." Aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid combination may also be used to lessen the chance of heart attack, stroke, or other problems that may occur when a blood vessel is blocked by blood clots. PUGVIEW FETCH ERROR: 403 Forbidden National Center for Biotechnology Information 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA Contact Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Louis; Chemistry). This combination medicine is available without a prescription. The reaction that is used for the synthesis is the one between an excess of acetic anhydride that is added to a measured mass of salicylic acid in the presence of a catalyst, sulfuric acid. This method should only be used if large quantities of large-sized crystals are seen. Learn about the hydrolysis of aspirin, whether aspirin is an acid or a base, and whether it is soluble in water. Use Caution/Monitor. After the reaction heating period is over, the excess un-reacted acetic anhydride will be destroyed by the addition of water to the mixture: Water reacts with acetic anhydride to form two molecules of acetic acid, according to the reaction. A similar reaction occurs: \[\begin{array}{ccccccccccc} \ce{PhCO_2H} \left( aq \right) & + & \ce{NaHCO_3} \left( aq \right) & \rightarrow & \ce{PhCO_2Na} \left( aq \right) & + & \ce{H_2CO_3} \left( aq \right) & \rightleftharpoons & \ce{H_2O} \left( l \right) & + & \ce{CO_2} \left( g \right) \\ \text{Benzoic acid} & & & & \text{Sodium benzoate} & & & & & & \end{array}\]. Add 10 drops of aqueous 1% ferric chloride solution to a test tube containing a few crystals of the compound to be tested dissolved in 5 mL water and note the color. Follow all instructions closely. Solubility Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Collect the product by vacuum filtration and rinse out of the flask with a few milliliters of cold petroleum ether. Taking other salicylate-containing or other sodium-containing products together with aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid may cause an overdose. Children who do not have a virus infection may also be more sensitive to the effects of aspirin, especially if they have a fever or have lost large amounts of body fluid because of vomiting, diarrhea, or sweating. All rights reserved. If fine crystals form (which are quite common), they will clog the filter paper and interfere with adequate drainage. Submit the crystalline sample in a small vial with proper labeling to your instructor.
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