Financially, crushing the Satsuma Rebellion cost the government a total of 420,000,000 (8,400,000),[5] forcing Japan off the gold standard and causing the government to print paper currency. The government, however, refused to negotiate. into one of Japan's leading private universities, with a student body of nearly 14,000 and a multinational faculty of some 1,500 as of 2019. A battalion had 640 men in peacetime and theoretically 960 men in wartime. This rebellion was led by the restoration hero Saig Takamori and lasted six months. Rebellions by the samurai, which had broken out sporadically since 1868 (Meiji 1), including the 1869-70 conflict between irregular military units and upper rank samurai commanders in the Choshu domain, gained steam with the collapse of the "conquer Korea debate". In October, the prime minister announced that Saigo would not be allowed to travel to Korea as an emissary. Gordon, Andrew. Satsuma's governor, Oyama Tsunayoshi, explained that the uprising was in response to the government's assassination attempt on Saig, and asked that Admiral Kawamura (Saig's cousin) come ashore to help calm the situation. The Satsuma Rebellion. Kumamoto, Fukuoka, Saga and other places in Kyushu, not to speak of Satsuma, his birthplace, responded to his call. A gripping graphic novel describing the uprising of 1887, when. By 6 a.m., only 40 rebels were still alive. Armed uprisings erupted successively in the Chugoku Region (western Honshu) and Kyushu, with the protagonists arguing for going through with the conquest of Korea and restoring samurai privileges. Browsing subject area: Satsuma Rebellion, 1877 (Exclude extended shelves) You can also browse an alphabetical list from this subject or from: . Not long after the wedding, both of Saigo's parents died, leaving Saigo as the head of a family of twelve with little income to support them. He excelled more as a scholar than a warrior, reading extensively before he graduated from school at 14 and was formally introduced to the Satsuma in 1841. traffic source, etc. Satsuma Rebellion The imperial government in Tokyo expected Saigo to come to the capital by sea or to dig in and defend Satsuma. "How the Samurai Ended During the Satsuma Rebellion." The imperial troops spent several days constructing an elaborate system of ditches, walls and obstacles to prevent another breakout. The Satsuma Rebellion which took place in 1877was the most famous, and the final major instance out of a series of shizoku rebellionsled in the late 1870s by former samuraiof southwestern Japan against the prospect of the Meiji governmentabolishing their elite status and the rice stipends which had traditionally been the samurai's chief or sole Meanwhile, however, a crisis was developing in the government itself. He led his samurai straight up the middle of Kyushu, planning to cross the straits and march on Tokyo. He also cancelled scholarships for Japanese students abroad and fired foreign experts.[8]. [2] He wrote poetry under the name Saig Nansh ( ).[3]. By 1861, Saigo was well-integrated into the local community. It signaled the beginning of the Japanese Imperial Army's rise to domination in eastern Asia, which would end only with Japan's eventual defeat in World War II almost seven decades later. Although Satsuma had been one of the key players in the Meiji Restoration and the Boshin War, and although many men from Satsuma had risen to influential positions in the new Meiji government, there was growing dissatisfaction with the direction the country was taking. The Satsuma Rebellion: An Episode of Modern Japanese History (1879) Author: Augustus Henry Mounsey. Saigo was disgusted by this treacherous tactic as well. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. (2021, September 7). Living during the late Edo and early Meiji periods, he later led the Satsuma Rebellion against the Meiji government. 0 references. In real life, Saig initially led the Imperial forces and won the four-day Battle of Toba-Fushimi in January 1868. Author: Augustus Henry Mounsey. On December 25, 1866, the 35-year-old Emperor Komei suddenly died. Format: Paperback. Forty-six other military officers from the southwest resigned as well, and government officials feared that Saigo would lead a coup. The major religious activity of this sect is to chant and meditate the true names (Sat-Nam) of God, specially Rama and Krishna. The Satsuma Rebellion. Improved Essays. imported from Wikimedia project. At age six, Saigo Takamori started at the local gojuor samuraielementary schooland got his first wakizashi, the short sword used by samurai warriors. ThoughtCo, Sep. 2, 2021, thoughtco.com/figures-and-events-in-asian-history-s2-3896549. Ever since his retirement from office, and his withdrawal to his native province in 1873, the elder Saigo had remained in Kagoshima, the chief town of Satsuma. In February 1877, the Meiji government dispatched Hayashi Tomoyuki, an official with the Home Ministry with Admiral Kawamura Sumiyoshi in the warship Takao to ascertain the situation. In all, about 12,000 Satsuma men marched north toward Tokyo, starting the Southwest War, or Satsuma Rebellion . English Wikipedia. 1794 by H.M. Brackenridge. Primary Sources 1. In April of 1871, Saigo was persuaded to return to Tokyo to organize the new national army. 28, No. During the conflict, the government side expended on average 322,000 rounds of ammunition and 1,000 artillery shells per day. Maebara Ikkaku, from Bumbu komei den (Story of famous figures for military and literary) 20,000 YEN TOSHIMOTO. A myth persists that the head was never found. It turned out the be the latterthe emperor's government in Tokyo wanted a new, centralized system, not just a collection of more efficient, self-governing domains. Format: Hardcover. A primary source of its causes and events. The Satsuma Rebellion : Illustrated Japanese History - the Last Stand of the Samurai by Wilson, Sean and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. Tensions with the government mounted after members of the private-school faction raided an ammunitions depot in early 1877 (Meiji 10), and secret agents were dispatched by the government to Kagoshima to spy on them. He is popularly known as "The Last Samurai," and proved so beloved that Emperor Meiji felt compelled to issue him a posthumous pardon in 1889. In 1873, the central government began to conscript commoners as soldiers, replacing the samurai. The Shigakko students set out with him, bringing rifles, pistols, swords, and artillery. revolt of disaffected samurai against the new imperial government, nine years into the Meiji Era. Despite a rocky relationship with the new daimyo of Satsuma, Nariakira's half-brother Hisamitsu, Saigo soon was back in the fray. The Satsuma advance guard, 4,000 strong, set out on February 15, marching north. With a smaller force, and unsure about the loyalty of his Kyushu-native troops, Tani decided to stay inside the castle rather than venture out to face Saigo's army. The province of Satsuma is situated in the southernmost portion of the island of Kyushu, and Kagoshima is the capital city. "How the Samurai Ended During the Satsuma Rebellion." The imperial government in Tokyo expected Saigo to come to the capital by sea or to dig in and defend Satsuma. Superior Essays. In disgust, Saigo resigned as the army general, imperial councilor, and commander of the imperial guards the next day. How the Samurai Ended During the Satsuma Rebellion. Japan was divided into six military districts: Tokyo, Sendai, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima and Kumamoto, with two or three regiments of infantry, plus artillery and other auxiliary troops, assigned to each district. By this time much uneasiness prevailed. As none of the eyewitness accounts mention a wound to the abdomen, or any fresh sword wound at all, it is unknown if Saig pierced his stomach with his sword. The Meiji Era controlled most of Japan, except for a small area in the southwestern part of Japan, which was the Satsuma. Request Permissions. Battle of Tabaruzaka: Imperial troops on the left, rebel samurai troops on the right, Saigo's army clashes with the government's forces. However, the exact manner of his death is unknown. The Satsuma rebellion was a resist from the Meiji government and modern changes that took place in 1877. The conflict effectively ended the samurai class and ushered in modern warfare fought by conscript soldiers instead of military nobles. His letter indicated that he was not committed to rebellion and sought a peaceful settlement. Other imperial loyalists wrote to him for advice on politics, so despite his exile and officially dead status, he continued to have an impact in Kyoto. Next, I stated the cause of the rebellion and the reaction of the Japanese government. In December 1876, the Meiji government sent a police officer named Nakahara Hisao and 57 other men to investigate reports of subversive activities and unrest. SAIGO's forces were crushed on September 24, 1877 (Meiji 10) in the face of a general attack by government forces. After his failure to take Kumamoto, Saig led his followers on a seven-day march to Hitoyoshi. Then I introduced the leader of the rebellion. The schools resembled paramilitary political organizations more than anything else, and they enjoyed the support of the governor of Satsuma, who appointed disaffected samurai to political offices, where they came to dominate the Kagoshima government. ISBN-13: . Satsuma daimyo Shimazu Hisamitsu did not acknowledge the departing army when the men stopped to bow at the gates of his castle. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It threatened an all-out attack on Choshu, even though it did not have the military might to defeat that large domain. [7] These state-owned industries had been operating at a loss, and Finance Minister Matsukata Masayoshi decided to sell all of these to politically connected capitalists at a loss, except the railroad, telegraph and military industries. With that, Saigo threw his support behind those organizing for a rebellion. It was believed by some that he had fled to Russia, or ascended to Mars. Szczepanski, Kallie. Upload media. He changed his name to Saigo Sasuke, and the domain government declared him dead. Each battalion consisted of four companies. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { The rebels' momentum soon stalled when they settled into a months-long siege of Kumamoto Castle, just 109 miles north of Kagoshima. 150,000 YEN UNSIGNED. Originally, they were a militant sect of Hindu Worshippers. Tokyo intended to confiscate the weapons and take them to an imperial arsenal in Osaka. The artillery battalion was divided into 2 batteries with 130 men per battery. The Imperial Guard (mostly ex-samurai) was always maintained at wartime strength. [11], Modern weapons that were used by the Imperial Army include the Smith and Wesson Model 3, Colt 1851 Navy Revolver, Winchester Model 1873, Enfield Pattern 1853, Mauser Model 1871, as well as the Gatling and Armstrong guns. Continued by a Narrative of his Last Moments and Sufferings, obtained from his Faithful Servants Chuma and Susi. These attacks on the ramparts continued for two days, until Saigo decided to settle in for a siege. His childhood name was Kokichi and he received the given name Takamori in adulthood. A battalion was 672 men strong and was organized as per the line battalions. The police, in units ranging from 300 to 600 men, were mostly ex-samurai (ironically, many of whom were from Satsuma) and were armed only with wooden batons and swords (Japanese police did not carry firearms until the rice riots of 1918). Instead, he went home to Kagoshima. The Satsuma samurai fought on with fierce determination; meanwhile, the defenders ran out of artillery shells. Imperial forces emerged victorious, but with heavy casualties on both sides. Each side had suffered more than 4,000 killed or wounded. The Imperial Artillery consisted of 18 batteries divided into 9 battalions, with 120 men per battery during peacetime. Their artillery consisted of 28 5-pounders, two 16-pounders, and 30 mortars. Takamori Saigo, defeated in his insistent advocacy of the invasion of Korea, resigned his councillorship in the Cabinet and returned to his native place. During the latter years of the Tokugawa shogunate, just prior to the Meiji Restoration, the Satsuma clan began to invest heavily in armaments, building a new shipyard at Kagoshima, two weapons factories, and three ammunition depots. The year 2018 has seen many events in Japan marking 150 years since the Meiji Restoration. Saigo was getting accustomed to the second island when he was transferred to a desolate penal island further south, where he spent more than a year on that dreary rock, returning to Satsuma only in February of 1864. He also married a local woman namedAigana and fathered a son. Publish Date: Jan 02, 2010. Two describe a bullet wound to the hip or thigh. With an army in place, the Meiji government summoned the remaining daimyo to Tokyo in mid-July, 1871 and abruptly announced that the domains were dissolved and the lords' authorities abolished. Then, Japan attacked forcing the Joseon king to sign an unequal treaty, which eventually led to the outright annexation of Korea in 1910. The shogun's men were still hunting him, so Saigo went into a three-year internal exile on the small island of Amami Oshima. Rejecting large numbers of volunteers, he made no attempt to contact any of the other domains for support, and no troops were left at Kagoshima to secure his base against an attack. 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