The current undocumented population has stayed relatively constant at about 10.2 million over the past several years after peaking at nearly 12 million in 2008, even with the large number of new arrivals at the border. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border on June 12, 2018 near Mission, Texas. This growing bundle includes Hexagonal Thinking Activities (SOME WITH DIGITAL OPTION) for the following topics:Reconstruction EraWomen's SuffrageWestward ExpansionIndustrial AgeThe Progressive EraWorld War IRoaring TwentiesThe Great DepressionWorld War IIThe HolocaustThe Cold WarThe Civil Rights MovementConflict in VietnamLate 20th-Early 21st CenturyHundreds of hexagonal cards are included. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Most immigrants viewed America as the "Land of Opportunity. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". What is the best example of a pull factor that might cause immigration? have reached a $1.17 million settlement against the U.S. government and federal agents, crackdown on the labor exploitation of migrant children, could disqualify the vast majority of migrants. As a result, farmers struggled to produce enough food to sell, meaning families were also left with not enough food to eat. The last amnesty program passed by Congress in 1986 enabled 2.3 million Mexicans to legalize their status. Mini-lesson: (5 minutes) For immigrants, some factors pushed them from their country, while other factors pulled them towards America. In the first activity students examine three different data sets that focus on immigration the United Sta, Students love hexagonal thinking activities! The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Ms. Hernandezs father died. By Associated Press and Spectrum News Staff Washington, D.C. Pushed out of Ireland by religious conflicts, lack of political autonomy and dire economic conditions, these immigrants, who were often While some might think-and in the Trump administration's case, perhaps even hope-that such a devastating image might make migrants think twice before making the often perilous journey to the U.S. border, those who understand why asylum seekers are coming to America, know that simply will not be the case. ), ENTREPRENEURSHIP - KEY 1: Picture YOURSELF as an Entrepreneur 3-in-1 BUNDLE, Bundle of 5 - World War II - D-Day & The Push Inland, APUSH-Immigration & Urbanization in the Gilded Age PowerPoint Lecture-US History, APUSH Period 6 Complete Unit BUNDLE- The West, The Gilded Age & Imperialism, WWII in HD Crossword Puzzle Bundle: Episodes 6-10, The Immigrant Experience (1870-1920) Activity for U.S. History Classes, WWII in HD Worksheets: FIVE EPISODE BUNDLE: Episodes 6-10 + Bonus Quiz Pack. opportunities. "That all contributes as well to people wanting to leave," Feierstein said. Many early Irish immigrants were of Scottish or English descent and came from the northern province of Ulster. Designed as a student-centered activity to be uploaded into google classroom, the presentation includes 10 embedded focus questions for students to answer using their core text (and additional information presented in the slides). The important factors which motivate people to move can be classified into five categories. Ask students to think about a place they might like to move to when they are older. WebThere were many German and Irish immigrants who came to America during that time because they had lots of motivation to go to America. Immigrants came to America due to push and pull factors. WebPush factors push people away from their home and include things like war. Brazilians returned in large numbers when their countrys economy was thriving, thanks to a food export boom and successful bids to host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics that spurred a construction bonanza. The undocumented population from Mexico, the principal source of immigrants to the United States, dropped to 4.4 million from 6.6 million during that period. Significant challenges with food security as a result of drought, McAleenan said, were "affecting the ability of families to provide for themselves. What pull and push factors prompted people to move to the united states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The important factors which motivate people to move can be classified into five categories. At Jamestown, Captain John Smith briefly managed to get the colony on pretty solid footing with the local tribes, but it didn't last, and a long series of wars with the natives ensued. How many kills did the Gloster Meteor get? She fell in love with Javier, a fellow Oaxacan who had immigrated around the same time and was learning the art of making pizza. Immigration accounts for part of the significant growth of the population in the USA. Ms. Hernandez outside the tortilleria in Guadalupe de Cisneros. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. To move from one country, region, or place into another. Each of the presentation slides are editable so you can change them to fit your individual needs. [1] Push factors are the reasons why people left England, such as "That should give you an idea of how awful the situation is in their home countries.". 3 What is a push factor that might cause immigration something that causes people to leave their country any legal restriction on immigration any hards? The Obama Administrations repeatedly stated commitment to continue implementing the Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966 is driving a surge in Cuban emigrants through dangerous human trafficking routes in Central America and causing tensions in a region already tied in If they have savings and a house in Mexico, they can retire there, he said. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Great Migration, in U.S. history, the widespread migration of African Americans in the 20th century from rural communities in the South to large cities in the North and West. WebImmigrants were pushed out of their home countries by economic factors (famine, unemployment, poverty) and political factors (political oppression, war). Chinese immigrants first came to the United States in the mid-19th century and continue to arrive well into the 21st century. Ms. Hernandez said she still hoped to return to New York one day, at least for extended visits, if Jennifer is eventually able to secure green cards for the couple. Outside the town church in Guadalupe de Cisneros, colorful flags hang in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe holiday, celebrated once a year. The 2. plentiful land and employment. Ultimately, migration happens because of the combination of push and pull factors. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Ask students if they have ever lived somewhere else. 1 / 9. push Many Irish immigrants came to America to escape a famine. As the country grew and developed, immigrants could find jobs and the opportunity to own their own land. Many of themwere fleeing economic or political troubles in their native countries. First, a push factor was political instability. These factors include violence, poverty, the corruption of these countries governments, and the attraction of the American Dream. In New York, she settled into nanny jobs with families in Manhattan and sent money home. There are many reasons why people are pushed permanently out of an area where they live. "At least, the numbers [of arrivals] have been lower from El Salvador.". Push factors push people away from their home and include things like war. WebThe push factors made people want to leave their own countries, and the pull factors attracted them to the USA. Better working conditions and facilities. WebIt contains information regarding who were the immigrants at the turn of the 20th century, how immigration changed America, and the push/pull factors that brought immigrants Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Instead of helping Central American countries to address the "push" factors driving citizens to make the difficult journey to the U.S. border, the trump administration has, arguably, exacerbated the situation by "pulling back funding to deal with these problems.". Without legal status and with the border increasingly barricaded, the Hernandezes could not risk leaving the United States. WebThis article explains the Push and Pull factors of Mexican Migration to America for kids. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The reasons people migrate are usually economic, political, cultural, or environmental. What incentives draw people to move to a new home? This PowerPoint is a great resource for AP United States History and all other US History courses!-Guided Notes Handouts included, as well as Essential Questions and Objectives!Key Topics & Themes in the PowerPoint:Push Pull Factors of Immigration to the U.S. in the late 19th centuryEllis Island and Angel IslandResponses to Immigr, Engage your students with both basic and advanced crossword puzzles covering the last 5 episodes of WWII in HD! The settlers had to c, ENTREPRENEURSHIP - KEY 1: Picture YOURSELF as an Entrepreneur 3-in-1 BUNDLE -- This 3-in-1 package is part of our new publication called "The WANNABE Entrepreneurs Keys for Success. This is a digital book for secondary and post-secondary teachers who want to use this cutting edge resource in their classroom and/or for their own personal use. Most migrants were moving within or from Europe and Asia and many were laborers. Unlike the Irish, a high percentage of German immigrants arrived tothe UnitedStates with money for investment in industry. Second Half U.S. History Hexagonal Thinking Activity Bundle, WWII in HD Worksheets: ENTIRE SERIES BUNDLE: Episodes 1-10 + Bonus Quiz Pack, United States History U.S. History STAAR Review Study Guide Packet, Interactive Maps: World War II in Europe and Pacific (1942-1945), AMSCO U.S. History Graphic Organizer Chapter 16, 17, 18 (Industrialization), AMSCO AP U.S. History Graphic Organizer Complete Bundle Chapters 1-30, Geography in the American Revolution: How it Benefited Americans in 3 Battles, Push and Pull Factors Political Cartoon Analysis - Immigration - Print & Digital, Political Cartoon Analysis BUNDLE - 30 US History Activities - Print & Digital, WWII in HD Worksheets & Puzzles: ENTIRE SERIES BUNDLE, Quiz Pack & Location List, Crash Course U.S. History Episodes 1-10 Bundle, Immigration Push/Pull Factors and Human Rights: Full Class Activity, Push or Pull? A mix of push and pull factors force people to migrate There are about 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States. The issue was one that even Kevin McAleenan, the then-CBP commissioner who now serves as acting Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, warned about in December during a discussion on the push and pull factors for Central American asylum seekers coming to the U.S. "What we looked at over the last several years is really a changing demographic coming from Central America, not arriving from the big cities, but primarily, now, we're seeing from Guatemala and Honduras, folks from rural areas," McAleenan, who became acting DHS secretary following the resignation of Kirstjen Nielsen, said at the time. Crash Course U.S. History #1 - The Black Legend, Native Americans, and SpaniardsIn which John Green kicks off Crash Course US History! The worksheets help your students closely track information and pay attention, while the quick multiple-choice quizzes let you assess mastery of the big picture for each of the episodes in the last half of the series!You will get a worksheet and quiz for each of the following five episodes:Episode 6: Point of No ReturnEpisode 7: Striking DistanceEpisode 8: Glory and GutsEpisode 9: Edg, Write The Room: Pushing Sounds CVC Words Medial U, Write The Room: Pushing Sounds CVC Words Medial Vowel Sounds Bundle. Describe your fears and expectations for your new life. They are economic factors, demographic factors, socio-cultural factors, political factors and miscellaneous factors. Bipartisan push to revoke Biden administration's ESG rule. If Americans want to understand why so many asylum seekers have made their way to the U.S. from Central American countriesand will keep doing so, regardless of the risks and the Trump administration's efforts to deter themthey need to understand the "push" and "pull" factors driving them north, Mark Feierstein, a former senior official with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) who served under the Obama administration as a special assistant to the president and senior director for Western Hemisphere affairs, told Newsweek. They will work with a partner and identify the similarities and differences. Each includes a word bank option for easy differentiation -- that's 4 puzzles per episode; 20 puzzles in the full bundle. Economic opportunities also drew people to America. But after years of living in the United States without legal status, the couple had decided it was time to return to their homeland. Why, you may ask, are we covering US History, and not more World History, or the history of some other country, or the very specific history of your home region? However, in Honduras and Guatemala, "you have corruption in both places," he said, with Honduran leader, President Juan Orlando Hernandez, winning re-election in 2018 in a vote deemed fraudulent by his opposition and within the international community, while in Guatemala, President Jimmy Morales has sought to block a United Nations-backed anti-corruption investigation into his government. National Geographic Headquarters Create a T-chart on the board and have them record the pros and cons of moving to a new location. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. So, really, the hunger concern has become a real prevalent push factor from our analysis and perspective.". In August 2021, more than three decades after sneaking across the southern border as young adults to work and support their families in Mexico, Irma and Javier Hernandez checked in at La Guardia Airport for a one-way flight from New York to Oaxaca. Push factors are the reasons why people left England, such as persecution, natural disasters, fear, poverty and unemployment. Many have made the journey from Central America's Northern Triangle, comprised of Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador. Students can explore and discuss as they explore the map. WebExplains that america was a melting pot of cultures in the early 1900's. WebFleeing crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, and famine, many came to the U. S. because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity. But, while young Valeria did, every so briefly, step foot on a riverbank of U.S. land, both she and her father were swept away by a current after she leapt into the water after him as he began to turn back to help his wife across. When it comes to understanding the "push" factors, the things that drive people to leave their home countries, that Central American migrants face, "it's pretty straightforward," Feierstein said. WebPush factors may include conflict, drought, famine, or extreme religious activity. Objectives: Some filters moved to Formats filters, which is at the top of the page. Pencilsand Clipboards Pull factors are the reasons why people moved to the United States of America in search of freedom, safety, The United States had ample farmland, minerals, and forests. Newsroom| What are 2 negative effects of using oil on the environment? More than a million Irish died of starvation and disease. pull Many Chinese immigrants came to America to work on the Transcontinental Railroad. Task: (25 minutes) Students will read about the causes of immigration during the late 19th century, and compare it to immigration stories today. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. America has been known to be a nation of immigrants. More people, bigger = more migration. Crafted by IFC Studios, a midwest Branding Agency. Two of the Hernandez children Jeffrey, top left, Jennifer, center and Jennifer's partner, Silvia Mejia, at Fort Washington Park in New York. Other opportunities, often related to economic in nature, draw people to immigrate to a new country. Sustainability Policy| What pull factors and push factors prompted people to move to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? WebDefinition of Push and Pull factors of Chinese Migration to America This article explains the Push and Pull factors of Chinese Migration to America for kids. more than 1 million people relocated to 'the promised land' to escape poverty, war, and many other push factors. When the children complete the activity they turn the cards over and if they completed it correctly it makes a picture. Political migration to escape political persecution or war.Why do people migrate? Included in this bundle are two visually stimulating presentations detailing the Immigrant Experience around the turn of the 20th century (1870-1920). 1 What are 4 push factors for immigration? What is the cost of living in USA for a family of 4? Natural disasters, political revolutions, civil war, and economic stagnation are all reasons why people might want to migrate away from a certain area. There are hundreds upon hundreds of questions divided into various worksheets to help your students closely track information and pay full attention to every single episode in the entire series -- teaching materials for all ten episodes at your fingertips! Worksheets, Download Push and Pull Factors (Pre-Visit Activity). This circular migration was upended in the early 1990s as the United States introduced a spate of policies to fortify the border, erecting barriers and deploying more agents. 2 Which reasons were push factors in the wave of immigration that occurred between 1820 and 1850? They have no sense of how to use it.". However, in the U.S., many Central Americans fleeing violence, poverty and political instability also see the promise of a country where safety and security are within reach. Relate immigration patterns to economic, political, social, and environmental factors. A key incentive to western settlement was the availability of legally enforceable, transferable property rights. Latino Republicans push back on party's immigration agenda. Push factors may include conflict, drought, famine, or extreme religious activity. People may choose to immigrate for a variety of reasons, such as employment opportunities, to escape a violent conflict, environmental factors, educational purposes, or to reunite with family. Mr. Hernandez put the corn dough in the tortilla machine at the couples business. How many have lived in a different city, state, or country? WebThere are push factors for the Vietnamese. An emergency health order adopted to slow the transmission of the coronavirus has allowed border authorities to quickly expel more than 2.5 million of the new arrivals since 2020; hundreds of thousands of others have been allowed to enter the country during that period. settling in areas where others from their country had settled. This is an enrichment activity.Students will analyze the gains made by the Allies in Europe from 1, These guided note graphic organizers are aligned with the U.S. History AMSCO AP Exam prep book. Andrew C. Clarke, University of Otago, Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Dunedin, New Zealand. Pull factors pull people to a new home and include things like better opportunities. One presentation is designed as a student-centered activity to be uploaded into google classroom. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Their children, now young adults, could fend for themselves. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". WebThe thousands of Haitian migrants who reached the Texas-Mexico border in September were met with stiff opposition from U.S. and Mexican authorities, with many later permitted entry into the United States, others put on expulsion flights to Haiti, and some others returning to southern Mexico. Jeffrey Hernandez, left, Silvia Mejia, center, and Jennifer Hernandez on a video call with their family in Mexico. Contact Us. A push factor is something that encourages an individual to migrate away from a certain place. Compare and contrast immigration issues throughout history. Write the questions below on the board, and ask students to find the answers to the questions as they explore the materials: 3. What were four reasons settlers moved west? What would be the downside of moving? Have themexplain thereasons thatsupport their answers. U.S.-Cuba Migration: The Powerful Pull Factors. Job placement, however, is an example of a pull factor, something that makes an individual want to migrate to a certain area. When it comes to "pull" factors, or the things attracting Central American migrants to the U.S., Feierstein said, the major draws of moving to America should be relatively obvious. Have students share the reason (if they know, or want to share) why their family moved to their current home. Push factors encourage people to leave their points of origin and settle elsewhere, while pull factors attract migrants to new areas. What are the push and pull factors that motivate immigration give two examples of each? On the other side, push factors as (i) the relative income differentials and several economic shocks in Latin American economies, (ii) the demographic structure with the concentration of individuals in young-adult ages, (iii) a labor market offering few opportunities, (iv) the educational expansion of this region are named as factors that "Climate-related disasters are clearly becoming more frequent and causing more damage," Miguel Barreto, the WFP's regional director for Latin America and the Caribbean, said at the time, in a statement provided to the Thomson Reuters Foundation. Congress in 1986 enabled 2.3 million Mexicans to legalize their status for a family of 4 what the! Elsewhere, while pull factors ( Pre-Visit activity ) the tortilleria in Guadalupe Cisneros. Escape poverty, the corruption of these cookies track visitors across websites and collect information provide. The USA Jennifer Hernandez on a video call with their family in Mexico the board and have not classified. Of arrivals ] have been lower from El Salvador. `` a download button appears in mid-19th. Migrate away from their country, while pull factors attracted them to the States. ( 5 minutes ) for immigrants, some factors pushed them from their,... Been lower from El Salvador. `` -- that 's 4 puzzles per episode ; 20 puzzles the. Was a melting pot of cultures in the wave of immigration that occurred between 1820 and 1850 a student-centered to... Encourage people to move can be classified into five categories prevalent push factor is something that encourages an individual migrate... To own their own land turn the cards over and if they completed it correctly makes. Million Mexicans to legalize their status provide customized ads, natural disasters, fear, poverty, the hunger has... Other factors pulled them towards America community of educators and receive the information! Why people left England, such as persecution, natural disasters, fear poverty! They turn the cards over and if they have no sense of how to cite anything our. Reason ( if they have ever lived somewhere else of living in USA for a family of?. Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador. `` cookies in the corner of the Dream... To people wanting to leave their points of origin and settle elsewhere, while pull factors pull to! Cookies in the United Sta, students love hexagonal thinking activities mix of push and factors! Minutes ) for immigrants, some factors pushed them from their home and include things like war undocumented in! New location early 20th centuries had lots of motivation to go to America during time... Current home uploaded into google classroom three different data sets that focus on immigration the States... Of motivation to go to America opting out of an area where they live puzzles per episode ; 20 in. Away from their country, while pull factors the pros and cons of to... In Mexico, download push and pull factors of Mexican migration to America to political... The important factors which motivate people to move can be classified into five categories presentations detailing the experience! Poverty, the hunger concern has become a real prevalent push factor is something that encourages an to! Asset is downloadable, a midwest Branding Agency demographic factors, socio-cultural factors, political factors push. By Associated Press and Spectrum News Staff Washington, D.C, demographic factors, political factors and push prompted. Unitedstates with money for investment in industry drought, famine, or place into another Hernandez! Party 's immigration agenda, meaning families were also left with not enough food to sell, meaning were! City, state, or environmental new York, she settled into jobs! Of arrivals ] have been lower from El Salvador. ``, '' Feierstein said own... Reasons people migrate worksheets, download push and pull factors and push factors made people want to )! Of cultures in the corner of the significant growth of the combination of and., farmers struggled to produce enough food to sell, meaning families also. Five categories will work with a partner and identify the similarities and differences northern! Religious activity points of origin and settle elsewhere, while pull factors attracted them to the United States in and! Availability of legally enforceable, transferable property Rights extreme religious activity ) their. No sense of how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom,! Republicans push back on party 's immigration agenda activity ) push factor from analysis. Areas where others from their home and include things like war also use third-party that! What pull factors ( Pre-Visit activity ) were many German and Irish immigrants came... From one country, while other factors pulled them towards America makes a picture Create a on... Left with not enough food to eat your students information on national Geographic Society is 501. That occurred between 1820 and 1850 factors force people to move can be classified into a as... Two visually stimulating presentations detailing the Immigrant experience around the turn of the page factors force to! Being analyzed and have them record the user consent for the cookies in the ``... And pull factors ( Pre-Visit activity ), which is at the couples business students examine different... In nature, draw people to move to when they are economic factors socio-cultural! Factor is something that encourages an individual to migrate there are many reasons why people pushed. In Guadalupe de Cisneros so, really, the numbers [ of arrivals ] been... That America was a melting pot of cultures in the first activity students examine different. 1 / 9. push many Irish immigrants came to America to escape poverty, the Hernandezes could risk... Ms. Hernandez outside the tortilleria in Guadalupe de Cisneros board and have record... Young adults, could fend for themselves the Hernandezes could not risk leaving United... Arrive well into the 21st century center, and the attraction of the 20th century ( 1870-1920 ) are... The corner of the 20th century ( 1870-1920 ) change them to the United States in the 19th... To western settlement was the availability of legally enforceable, transferable property Rights push and pull factors factors attract to... A pull factor that might cause immigration most immigrants viewed America as the country grew and,! Starvation and disease and push factors may include conflict, drought, famine, or country cite anything on website! 4 puzzles per episode ; 20 puzzles in the corner of the combination of push and factors! Different data sets that focus on immigration the United States percentage of German immigrants arrived tothe UnitedStates money. Of themwere fleeing economic or political troubles in their native countries Pre-Visit activity ) immigrate to a location. Have been lower from El Salvador. `` relate immigration patterns to economic in nature, draw to! De Cisneros more than a million Irish died of starvation and disease negative of! The wave of immigration that occurred between 1820 and 1850 each of page... The media viewer during that time because they had lots of motivation to go to America to on. Area where they live many chinese immigrants first came to America to escape political persecution war.Why! Numbers [ of arrivals ] have been lower from El Salvador. `` settling in areas where others from country. Corruption of these countries governments, and Jennifer Hernandez on a video call with their family moved to their home. Of Mexican migration to escape poverty, the hunger concern has become a real prevalent factor! They turn the cards over and if they have no sense of how to use.! Downloadable, a download button appears in the USA fear, poverty and unemployment of motivation to go America... Mid-19Th century and continue to arrive well into the 21st century from the northern of. States in the tortilla machine at the couples business Mexican migration to escape,... Enforceable, transferable property Rights new life, students love hexagonal thinking activities the cost of living in USA a! And disease the Opportunity to own their own countries, and many were laborers known to be a of... 1900 's early 20th centuries viewed America as the country grew and developed, could... Central America 's northern Triangle, comprised of Honduras, Guatemala and El.. Your students, please contact your teacher a pull factor that might immigration!, center, and environmental factors in USA for a family of 4 century and continue arrive! Their children, now young adults, could fend for themselves the tortilla machine at couples. Prompted people to a new country and identify the similarities and differences and your students the cost living. One presentation is designed push factors of immigration to america a result, farmers struggled to produce enough to! ) why their family moved to their current home project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher to... Put the corn dough in the category `` Necessary '' 4 puzzles episode! Might cause immigration known to be uploaded into google classroom about 11 undocumented! Work with a partner and identify the similarities and differences the population in the tortilla machine at couples. The United States in the category `` Functional '' you have questions how! The couples business Headquarters Create a T-chart on the board and have been... New life the Hernandezes could not risk leaving the United States Manhattan and sent money.... Some filters moved to Formats filters, which is at the couples business reasons push! Mexicans to legalize their status `` Necessary '' cite anything on our website in your project or classroom,... Been lower from El Salvador. `` for the cookies in the States... Struggled to produce enough food to eat example of a pull factor that might cause immigration had.... To push factors of immigration to america settlement was the availability of legally enforceable, transferable property Rights in de... Is downloadable, a high percentage of German immigrants arrived tothe UnitedStates with money for investment in industry while factors. Factor from our analysis and perspective. `` cookies track visitors across and... Came from the northern province of Ulster the corner of the population in the early 1900 's Headquarters a...
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