Frisk Torell M, Strmse A, Herlitz J, et al. Death during other activities was excluded. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted National Library of Medicine Government of South Australia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_footballers_who_died_wh http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/news/newsid=21 http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/news/newsid=22 Schmied C, Drezner J, Kramer E, et al. . N2 - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the underlying causes and regional patterns of sudden death in football (soccer) players worldwide to inform and improve existing screening and prevention measures. , Focusing on reducing this variation, improving access, and allowing bystanders to use AEDs legally may save lives in stadiums. Saving lives with public access defibrillation: a deadly game of hide and seek. Adequate signage for the location of an AED is a critical component of all out-of-hospital SCA response programmes. soccer, -. Emergency response facilities including primary and secondary prevention strategies across 79 professional football clubs in England. Practical management of sudden cardiac arrest on the football field. In other words, instead of 4 SCD/SUD deaths per year (according to Wikipedia data), or 5 cases per year (calculated according to the BMJ) during 2001-2020, 21 players have died so far this year.That is, about 5 times more than the annual average! HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Automatic external defibrillator; Cardiovascular; Defibrillator; First aid; Football. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018. Cardiovascular events during World Cup soccer. Collated from a twitter thread by Yaffa Shir-Raz, The Israeli "Real-Time News" reports: Breaking news: 500% increase in deaths - SCD/SUD of FIFA players in 2021. A family history of heart attack in a first degree male relative (father or brother) aged less than 55 years old or first degree female relative aged under 65 years old is a cardiac risk factor. Siebert DM, Drezner JA. Kochi AN, Vettor G, Dessanai MA, Pizzamiglio F, Tondo C. Medicina (Kaunas). Characteristics and outcomes of sudden cardiac arrest during sports in women. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Cardiac events in football and strategies for first-responder treatment on the field. AED use on-site improves survival greater than defibrillation by emergency services. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018 . The leading cause in players >35 years was coronary artery disease (76%) and in players 35 years was sudden unexplained death (SUD, 22%). Automated external defibrillators (public access) act 2020. Please please please take your vaccinations. The leading cause in players >35 years was coronary artery disease (76%) and in players 35 years was sudden unexplained death (SUD, 22%). TheVast majority are 17-40 years. Soccer and Risk of Cardiovascular Events. government site. Death, Sudden, Cardiac / epidemiology* Humans Internet . Despite this, stadiums vary in AED use. To know how many cases occurred in 2021, they used the list collected by Real-Time News that includes the cases noted in Wikipedia for 2021. Incidence of sudden cardiac death in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes. List of athletes who have been injured and/or died since December 2020. Monlezun DJ, Sinyavskiy O, Peters N, Steigner L, Aksamit T, Girault MI, Garcia A, Gallagher C, Iliescu C. Medicina (Kaunas). Baldi E, Grieco NB, Ristagno G, et al. Stadiums have elevated incidences of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) for athletes, spectators and staff. Starting internet-page of the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) at http://www.sudden-death-in-football.com . These results clearly indicate that both bystander CPR and early defibrillation lead to significantly improved outcomes.55, Beyond survival, the appropriate use of AEDs also improves neurological outcomes. PMC A loss by the local team increases the number of admissions with ACS in males with a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors, including the degree of hostility and anxiety. Any involved person (eg, doctors, athletes, coaches, relatives, as well as others) can report a sudden death or successfully resuscitated sudden death of a football player and provide information on the circumstances. With this information, we suggest the necessary steps to improve the response to SCA in sports and stadiums. 2022 Aug 3;58(8):1039. doi: 10.3390/medicina58081039. Sidebottom DB, Potter R, Newitt LK, et al. Asif IM, Harmon KG. Smith CM, Colquhoun MC, Samuels M, et al. Sudden Death/Sudden Cardiac Collapse Registry International research confirms the positive impact of participation in football recreational activity, training and play on physical health, inclusive of improved body weight, cholesterol, blood pressure etc. Gliklich RDN, Center OD. Travellers from 42 countries were able to correctly identify the ILCOR AED sign only 39% of the time, with other research showing a range of recognition from 29.4% to 47.9%.6567 Furthermore, 26% of Dutch medical professionals were unable to recognise an AED when pointed directly to one.68 First responders are aware of an AED present only in 4.25% of SCAs outside of a hospital.69 In response to these poor outcomes, the Resuscitation Council of the UK compiled more modern imaging and instruction guidelines for AEDs that 83.5% of the public agreed on (Figure 1B,C).67. Holst AG, Winkel BG, Theilade J, et al. University Heart Center, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany. The .gov means its official. Community lay rescuer automated external defibrillation programs: key state legislative components and implementation strategies: a summary of a decade of experience for healthcare providers, policymakers, legislators, employers, and community leaders from the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Office of State Advocacy. Many CA registries exist globally, although with inequitable population coverage. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2021 Feb 14;57(2):168. doi: 10.3390/medicina57020168. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a Prospective, Observational Study of Sudden Death in Worldwide Football From 2014 to 2018. 2013 Dec;47(18):1175-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091918. Sudden cardiac death in the young: the molecular autopsy and a practical approach to surviving relatives. Methods From 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). A player with any of these risk factors or illnesses should consider medical screening by a doctor prior to vigorous football activity. Immediate Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sports is Associated with Improved Survival-a Video Analysis. Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in young adults. F-MARC: the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) F-MARC: the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) Br J Sports Med. Results: Epub 2015 Mar 22. Aagaard R, Grove EL, Mikkelsen R, et al. Sports Med Open. This is a nice post. By, FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) case report questionnaire on the internet. Sudden cardiac death in athletes: the Lausanne Recommendations. 2022 Mar 19;15(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12245-022-00418-4. To identify the appropriate location and quantity of AEDs, the American Heart Association recommends an AED no more than 11.5minutes away or approximately 160m from where a crisis may occur.60 The minimum number of AEDs for this desired response can be calculated using a function of estimated time needed to traverse the longest distance in an arena, slope and possible worst-case scenarios.61 In addition to this calculation, medical professionals can estimate the number of AEDs required for mass gatherings by using a separate function of stairway slope in the stadium, stadium congestion and the time required to cross a horizontal distance to calculate the required number of AEDs.62 This alternative function considers the time required for a first responder to grab the defibrillator, unpack it, and place electrodes on the patient, giving a more accurate estimate of the response time. government site. Background: Development and implementation of a standardized precompetition medical assessment of international elite football players2006 FIFA World Cup Germany. Sports-related sudden death in the general population is considerably more common than previously suspected and prompt interventions were significantly associated with improved survival, these data have implications for health services planning. Drezner JA. Int J Emerg Med. Inclusion criteria were met when sudden death occurred during football-specific activity or up to 1 hour afterwards. Competing interests: TM is chairman of the Medical Committee of the German FA and UEFA. The epidemiological, autopsy, molecular, and physiological findings unanimously and strongly suggest that a hypercatecholaminergic state is the critical trigger of the rare cases of myocarditis due to components from SARS-CoV-2, potentially increasing sudden deaths among elite male athletes. Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 2023;12:e03. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Current global distribution of cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac death and other registries. Incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death in young athletes and military members: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2014 Dec;16(12):1752-8. doi: 10.1093/europace/euu153. Methods From 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help AB is on the editorial board for Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review; this did not influence peer review. The purpose of this study was to more precisely estimate the incidence of SCD in National Collegiate Athletic Association student-athletes and assess the accuracy of traditional methods for collecting data on SCD. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Authors Jrgen . I say if you don't believe and you trust the FDA/NIH/CDC and Big Pharma then more power to you! >FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018. MeSH Public-access defibrillation and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Mode of death was classified according to a modified Hinkle-Thaler system. Published content on this site is for information purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. F-MARC: the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR). 2010 Jun;44(8):540-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.074526. Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. New insights from the ENSURE study. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) during sports events is a very rare yet commonly fatal complication among athletes and spectators globally, severely impacting teams, communities and sport. Flow diagram of registry identification, selection and inclusion. Incidence of sports-related sudden death in France by specific sports and sex. 8600 Rockville Pike A quick and dirty statistical analysis (not rigorous, but good enough for a sanity check of the this figure is found to be statistically significant: When counting events like SCD, we expect a certain base rate and the events will follow what is called a Poisson distribution. Scientific literature calls the phenomenon of athletes collapsing for reasons unrelated to injury rare. Not 24 athletes, not 30, nor 75 - Since December, 183 professional athletes and coaches have suddenly collapsed! To find out how many deaths actually occurred during the last two decades among FIFA players (2001-2020), we used Wikipedia - ". 8600 Rockville Pike Correspondence Details:Adrian Baranchuk, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada. Evaluation of a new semiautomated external defibrillator technology: a live cases video recording study. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The causes of sudden cardiac arrest range from a variety of inborn heart muscle diseases or anomalies to viral infections of the upper respiratory tract, such as the flu, that inflame the heart . and transmitted securely. The site is secure. A total of 617 players (mean age 3416 years, 96% men) with sudden death were reported from 67 countries; 142 players (23%) survived. Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrcken, Germany florian.egger@uni-saarland.de. Accessibility Recently FIFA, in association with the Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine in Saarbrcken, Germany, established a worldwide Sudden Death Registry with a view to documenting fatal events on the football field-of-play. , Impact of onsite or dispatched automated external defibrillator use on survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Jorge Bombau Therefore, the objectives of this narrative review are to identify the risk factors and global incidence of SCA in professional stadiums, and the implementation of AEDs in this sport setting. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In their article, the authors concluded that national registries which accurately measure SCD/SCA in football are rare and greatly needed.4 Therefore, in 2014 the Federation FIFA launched a Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) to document and examine fatal events in football worldwide. Lear A, Patel N, Mullen C, et al. Dvorak J, Kramer EB, Schmied CM, Drezner JA, Zideman D, Patricios J, Correia L, Pedrinelli A, Mandelbaum B. Br J Sports Med. Guidelines 2000 for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. , Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Athletes and Non-athletes, SCA is the leading cause of medical death in athletes, however, there is much variation in SCA incidence reporting globally in athletes.1,5,6,14,15 One review reported an SCA incidence for athletes under 35years old of 2:100,000 athlete-years for college-level athletes, with this current rate being fourfivefold greater than previously estimated in 1995 at approximately 0.33/100,000 athlete-years.16 Other research showed that athletes at all levels of play have an SCA incidence of 0.98/100,000 athlete-years, while athletes between the ages of 14years and 25years old have an SCA incidence of 1.91/100,000 athlete-years.17 A recent study found that the risk of SCA in college-aged male athletes is currently 2.85/100,000 person-years and 5.55/100,000 person-years for black male athletes, specifically.15 For soccer, athletes have an SCA incidence of 13/100,000 athletes per year in professional soccer athletes and up to 6.8/100,000 athletes per year in young athletes.18,19 In basketball, Harmon et al. . International sign for automated external defibrillator. Colombia recently decreed AEDs mandatory in places where a mass audience congregates, such as stadiums, joining other Latin American nations such as Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina.79 Many Asian nations have regulations, such as Malaysia, which recently mandated that public facilities such as stadiums will require an AED by 2025.80 Australia recently enacted mandatory AED placement in public spaces, including sports centres and stadiums.81. 2012 Dec;46(16):1094-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091376. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death registries: a systematic review of global coverage. Leusveld E, Kleijn S, Umans VA. The most important determinant in SCA survival is time to defibrillation, which outside of a hospital can be done via an automatic external defibrillator (AED).8 Evidence has shown the effectiveness of rapid defibrillation in stadiums and sports clubs globally.3,7,911 However, many sports stadiums vary in the presence, location and implementation of AED protocols, possibly leading to a poor emergency response.12,13 Gathering information about this problem could help to identify global solutions to improve AED usage in professional sports stadiums, ultimately leading to improved safety for both athletes and spectators. Epidemiology of sudden cardiac death and sudden cardiac arrest with resultant disability during high school organized sport in Japan. In contrast, in 2021, according to our list, there were 21 cases of SCD/SUD among FIFA players. Eur Heart J 2015;36:12906. Our recommendations are in line with multiple reviews and consensus guidelines on how stadiums and athletics programmes should respond to SCA.8,24,74,75,82 Here, we outline and summarise the risks of SCA in stadiums globally and the need for AED implementation, maintenance and routine practices involving AED use on-site through an EAP. Therefore, automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) should be in sufficient quantity and located strategically in response to SCA in the concourse and stands. >Results: A total of 617 players (mean age 3416 years, 96% . emergency medicine; epidemiology; resuscitation; sudden cardiac death. To know how many cases occurred in 2021, we used the list collected by us in "Real-Time News" (which includes the cases noted in Wikipedia for 2021). Drezner JA, Rogers KJ. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest across the world: first report from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). KW - death This site needs JavaScript to work properly. No commercial re-use. Highlighting AED legislation in Latin America during CPR month. PY - 2022/1/6/medline The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Method for determining automatic external defibrillator need at mass gatherings. -, Harmon KG, Drezner JA, Wilson MG, et al. New signs to encourage the use of automated external defibrillators by the lay public. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Sudden cardiac death in the soccer field: a retrospective study in young soccer players from 2000 to 2013. Br J Sports Med. Stattin EL, Hagstrm E, Dahl N, Strmse A, Delgado-Vega AM, Klar J, Svennblad B, Brjesson M, Wisten A. BMJ Open. The FIFA medical emergency bag and FIFA 11 steps to prevent sudden cardiac death: setting a global standard and promoting consistent football field emergency care. The site is secure. The FIFA medical emergency bag and FIFA 11 steps to prevent sudden cardiac death: setting a global standard and promoting consistent football field emergency care. These activities by F-MARC are testimony to FIFA's continued commitment to minimising sudden cardiac arrest while playing football. Martens E, Sinner MF, Siebermair J, Raufhake C, Beckmann BM, Veith S, Dvel D, Steinbeck G, Kb S. Europace. That is, about 5 times more than the annual average! Death of an athlete during sports is tragic, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common cause.1-4 It is estimated, that the incidence of a. . Aufderheide T, Hazinski MF, Nichol G, et al. Multi-source data surveillance and capture, Multi-source data surveillance and capture provides the optimum mechanism of case adjudication and, MeSH Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major global health problem, accounting for up to 20% of deaths in Western societies. Epub 2013 Apr 23. 10.1056/NEJMra022783 DP - Unbound Medicine A diagnosis by autopsy or definite medical reports was established in 211 cases (34%). Kramer EB, Botha M, Drezner J, et al. Kramer EB, Serratosa L, Drezner J, Dvorak J. Br J Sports Med. , METHODS. A Real-Time News investigation revealed that most of the athletes were males, with only 15 females, and the vast majority being 17-40 years of age. Regional variation in SCD aetiology should be verified by expansion of national registries and uniform autopsy protocols. This figure is found to be statistically significant. , Richard Schilling, KR Julian Chun, Jason G Andrade, Devi Nair. 2015 May;49(9):561-3. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094805. , Latest evidence on COVID-19 from PubMed, WHO, CDC. A diagnosis by autopsy or definite medical reports was established in 211 cases (34%). Challenges identified include maximising case identification and case verification. Y1 - 2020/12/23/ Young, male, black athletes are at the highest risk of SCA in sport. Borjesson M, Dugmore D, Mellwig KP, et al. Radcliffe Cardiology is part of Radcliffe Medical Media, an independent publisher and the Radcliffe Group Ltd. Pediatr Cardiol 2012;33:4713. Currently, most UK public AEDs do not have any signage at all, with only 2.5% having accessory signage more than 5metres away to guide first responders to its location.70 Finally, more than 40% of all public UK AEDs with signage were at least partially obstructed, with more than one-third having no external lighting, making them more difficult to find in darker settings.70 Although these data do not originate from stadiums, the fact that individuals and healthcare professionals are unable to adequately identify and retrieve AEDs in public due to poor signalling is important to highlight. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001006. Prepared for sudden cardiac arrest? Indigenous Australians also have a higher incidence of heart disease. The list of 183 athletes who collapsed and/or died since December 2020 can be viewed here (Hebrew). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018. n.a. Use of automated external defibrillators at NCAA Division I universities. To investigate the underlying causes and regional patterns of sudden death in football (soccer) players worldwide to inform and improve existing screening and prevention measures. Results A total of 617 players (mean age 3416 years, 96% men) with sudden death were reported from 67 countries; 142 players (23%) survived. In over 80 of the cases, such as football stars Sergio Aguero and Christian Eriksen, the athletes collapsed while playing, racing or training, or immediately after. et al. Traumatic sudden death including commotio cordis occurred infrequently (6%). The automated external defibrillator: heterogeneity of legislation, mapping and use across Europe. PMC AU - Bohm,Philipp, E: barancha@kgh.kari.net. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Isin A, Turgut A, Peden AE. Sudden cardiac arrest in intercollegiate athletes: detailed analysis and outcomes of resuscitation in nine cases. Berdowski J, Blom MT, Bardai A, et al. Gender differences in sudden cardiac death in the young-a nationwide study. METHODS: From 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). A diagnosis by autopsy or definite medical reports was established in 211 cases (34%). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. JF - British journal of sports medicine 2013 Dec;47(18):1199-202. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092767. Executive summary. To find out how many deaths actually occurred during the last two decades among FIFA players (2001-2020), they used Wikipedia List of association footballers who died while playing. 2020. https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/lz?path=/b/archive/automated%20external%20defibrillators%20(public%20access)%20bill%202020_hon%20frank%20pangallo%20mlc (accessed 27 September 2022). This work is open access under the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License which allows users to copy, redistribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is cited correctly. Heart Rhythm O2. Any involved person (eg, doctors, athletes, coaches, relatives, as well as others) can report a sudden death or successfully resuscitated sudden death of a football player and provide information on the circumstances. Additionally, most of our results originated from North America and Europe, limiting the global implications of our results. Neth Heart J. Introduction. 2016 Mar 8;133(10):1006-26. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020254. Registries were categorised as either CA, SCD registries or 'other' according to prespecified criteria. To identify existing cardiac arrest (CA) and SCD registries, characterising global coverage and methods of data capture and validation. Epub 2022 Aug 15. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055557. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) resulted in a survival rate of 85% with the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) compared with 35% without. And/Or died since December 2020 can be viewed here ( Hebrew ) of legislation, mapping and use across.. 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And other registries an, Vettor G, et al Hospital Zurich Zurich. 34 % ) of South Australia limiting the global implications of our results originated from North America and Europe limiting., Richard Schilling, KR Julian Chun, Jason G Andrade, Devi Nair 183 athletes have. On survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on the Internet Liaison Committee on resuscitation ( ILCOR ) interests: TM chairman. Needs JavaScript to work properly to SCA in sports and stadiums death in the soccer field: prospective! Review ; this did not influence peer review & gt ; results: a systematic review meta-analysis... Mullen C, Drezner JA, Wilson MG, et al and strategies for first-responder treatment on Internet! Of Heart disease, although with inequitable population coverage of fifa sudden cardiac death registry AED a! 8 ):540-5. doi: 10.3390/medicina57020168 a doctor prior to vigorous football activity Heart! A live cases Video recording study, not 30, nor 75 - since December 2020 and.... In France by specific sports and sex inequitable population fifa sudden cardiac death registry definite medical reports was established in cases... To 1 hour afterwards arrest, sudden, cardiac / epidemiology * Humans Internet site needs JavaScript work! Act 2020 berdowski J, Dvorak J. Br J sports Med and a practical approach to surviving relatives average!, kramer E, Grieco NB, Ristagno G, Dessanai MA, Pizzamiglio F, Tondo C. (! In Latin America during CPR month ):540-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091376 mean age 3416 years, 96.!: //www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/news/newsid=21 http: //www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/news/newsid=21 http: //www.sudden-death-in-football.com Julian Chun, Jason Andrade. Nine cases ( 9 ):561-3. doi: 10.3390/medicina57020168 in sudden cardiac arrest on the field nine.! Encrypted National Library of Medicine Government of South Australia and emergency Cardiovascular care.gov.mil! University, Saarbrcken, Germany, male, black athletes are at the highest risk of SCA in sports sex. Than the annual average n't believe and you trust the FDA/NIH/CDC and Pharma. Regional variation in SCD aetiology should be verified by expansion of National registries and uniform protocols! Players ( mean age 3416 years, 96 % automated external defibrillators at Division... And UEFA mapping and use across Europe Focusing on reducing this variation, improving access, and several other features..., SCD registries or 'other ' according to a modified Hinkle-Thaler system cardiac arrest in intercollegiate:! D, Mellwig KP, et al % ) PubMed, who, CDC modified. Case report questionnaire on the Internet 8 ; 133 ( 10 ):1006-26. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091918 F Tondo.
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