Fascinated with what he had seen during his recuperation, Kamau ran away from home to become a resident pupil at the mission. [370] In this way, the land redistribution programs favoured the ruling party's chief constituency. Jomo Kenyatta was the first prime minister (1963-64) and afterwards the first president of independent Kenya (1964-78). His children included President Uhuru Kenyatta, by his fourth and. Jomo is the firstborn son of President Kenyatta and his wife gave birth to a baby boy and a baby girl named after their grandparents. This was his initial contact with Europeans. While president of the nationalist Kenya African Union, Jomo Kenyatta was sentenced to seven years imprisonment in 1953 in alleged connection with the violent 1952 Mau Mau rebellion. [39] Kenyatta had initially refused to cease drinking,[38] but in July 1923 officially renounced alcohol and was allowed to return to Holy Communion. Their daughter Jane Makena Wambui (also known as Jeni) survived. [215] The government followed the verdict with a wider crackdown, banning KAU in June 1953,[221] and closing down most of the independent schools in the country, including Kenyatta's. [81], In his absence, female genital mutilation (FGM) had become a topic of strong debate in Kikuyu society. [302] Many radical voices in Kenya urged him to pursue the project;[303] in May 1964, Kenyatta rejected a back-benchers resolution calling for speedier federation. [509] Referring to Kenyatta's appearance in 1920s Kenya, Murray-Brown stated the leader presented himself to Europeans as "an agreeable if somewhat seedy 'Europeanized' native" and to indigenous Africans as "a sophisticated man-about-town about whose political earnestness they had certain reservations". [386] In 1965, the government introduced free medical services for out-patients and children. [469] In October he was unanimously elected KANU President and subsequently declared President of Kenya itself. [328] He appears to have had no further involvement with the communist movement after 1934. [458], In 1977, Kenyatta had several further strokes or heart attacks. [264] In August, he was moved to Gatundu in Kikuyuland, where he was greeted by a crowd of 10,000. On being greeted by a crowd shouting KPU slogans, he lost his temper. [505] He adopted his surname, "Kenyatta", after the name of a beaded belt he often wore in early life. [12], "Missionaries have done a lot of good work because it was through the missionary that many of the Kikuyu got their first education and were able to learn how to read and write Also, the medical side of it: the missionary did very well. I believe in Christianity as a whole. "[541] His opinions were "most valued" both by conservative African politicians and by Western leaders. [72] In January, Kenyatta met with Drummond Shiels, the Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, at the House of Commons. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [540], After 1963, Maloba noted, Kenyatta became "about the most admired post-independence African leader" on the world stage, one who Western countries hailed as a "beloved elder statesman. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The trio discussed the possibility of merging their three nations (plus Zanzibar) into a single East African Federation, agreeing that this would be accomplished by the end of the year. Margaret is daughter to German beauty Magdalenna Gakuo and Njuguna Gakuo and sister to Maina Gakuo . His niece, Beth Mugo, married to a retired ambassador, was an MP and also served as Minister for Public Health. But soon a new challenge appeared. [74] Back in England, he wrote three articles on the Kenyan situation for the Communist Party of Great Britain's newspapers, the Daily Worker and Sunday Worker. That is why we reject Communism. Jomo Kenyatta (n run 1891 n pi niin 22 Pnbt 1978) ee bny macbai ku keye ajuerwelbny. Jomo Kenyatta[a] CGH (c.1897 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. Introduced by the British Governor of Kenya, Edward Grigg, these Land Boards would hold all land in native reserves in trust for each tribal group. (Itara is where the groom's family performs the last traditional marriage ceremony before the real wedding.) [300] In June 1963, Kenyatta met with Julius Nyerere and Ugandan President Milton Obote in Nairobi. [6][7], Kenyatta married his third wife, Grace Wanjiku, in 1946. The aged Kenyatta died in office in Nairobi on August 22, 1978. [489], While in Britain, Kenyatta made political alliances with individuals committed to Marxism and to radical Pan-Africanism, the idea that African countries should politically unify;[490] some commentators have posthumously characterised Kenyatta as a Pan-Africanist. [3] One biographer, Jules Archer, suggested he was likely born in 1890,[4] although a fuller analysis by Jeremy Murray-Brown suggested a birth circa 1897 or 1898. [140] Utilising a functionalist framework,[141] he promoted the idea that traditional Kikuyu society had a cohesion and integrity that was better than anything offered by European colonialism. Corrections? In this war large numbers of my people have been fighting to smash fascist power in Africa and have borne some of the hardest fights against the Italians. [194] As KAU leader, he was at pains to oppose all illegal activity, including workers' strikes. [20], Kenyatta's academic progress was unremarkable, and in July 1912 he became an apprentice to the mission's carpenter. [553] This white animosity reached its apogee between 1950 and 1952. [188] This was made difficult by the fact that many Maasai and Luotribes traditionally hostile to the Kikuyuregarded him as an advocate of Kikuyu dominance. [376] No strikes could be legally carried out in Kenya without COT's permission. [177] In May 1947, Koinange moved to England, leaving Kenyatta to take full control of the college. [76] Shiels advised Kenyatta to return home to promote Kikuyu involvement in the constitutional process and discourage violence and extremism. [189], To attract support from Kenya's Indian community, he made contact with Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of the new Indian republic. [138] Featuring an introduction written by Malinowski,[139] the book reflected Kenyatta's desire to use anthropology as a weapon against colonialism. [192] In April 1950, Kenyatta was present at a joint meeting of KAU and the East African Indian National Congress in which they both expressed opposition to the Kenya Plan. [353] In 1965, the government established the Kenya National Trading Corporation to ensure indigenous control over the trade in essential commodities,[354] while the Trade Licensing Act of 1967 prohibited non-citizens from involvement in the rice, sugar, and maize trade. [50] In either 1925 or early 1926, Beauttah moved to Uganda, but remained in contact with Kenyatta. [480] When in power, Kenyatta displayed a preoccupation with individual and mbari land rights that were at odds with any socialist-oriented collectivisation. [557] The criticisms that leftists like Odinga made of Kenyatta's leadership were similar to those that the intellectual Frantz Fanon had made of post-colonial leaders throughout Africa. By Mumbi Mutuko on 27 November 2017 - 2:24 pm. In 1952, he was among the Kapenguria Six arrested and charged with masterminding the anti-colonial Mau Mau Uprising. [497] The academics Bruce J. Berman and John M. Lonsdale argued that Marxist frameworks for analysing society influenced some of his beliefs, such as his view that British colonialism had to be destroyed rather than simply reformed. Jomo Kenyatta: Family and Personal Life. [19] The longer the pupils stayed, the more they came to resent the patronising way many of the British missionaries treated them. [374] Kenyatta was concerned by this, and promoted the reversal of this rural-to-urban migration, but in this was unsuccessful. Birthdate: November 20, 1920. The Kenyatta family is the family of Jomo Kenyatta, the first President of Kenya and a prominent leader in that country's independence. Kenyatta did manage to testify on behalf of Kikuyu land claims in 1932 at hearings of the Carter Land Commission. [361] His family used his presidential position to circumvent legal or administrative obstacles to acquiring property. Mzee was an agricultural labourer in England, earning 4 a week when the two met three years before he returned home to join the nationalist struggle. [107], Kenyatta continued writing articles, reflecting Padmore's influence. [476] For Kenyatta, independence meant not just self-rule, but an end to the colour bar and to the patronising attitudes and racist slang of Kenya's white minority. [548] In their examination of his writings, Berman and Lonsdale described him as a "pioneer" for being one of the first Kikuyu to write and publish; "his representational achievement was unique". [400] The historian Poppy Cullen nevertheless noted that there was no "dictatorial neo-colonial control" in Kenyatta's Kenya. [32], In 1917, Kenyatta moved to Narok, where he was involved in transporting livestock to Nairobi,[31] before relocating to Nairobi to work in a store selling farming and engineering equipment. [291] An election was scheduled for May, with self-government in June, followed by full independence in December. [392] He also took on a mediating role during the Congo Crisis, heading the Organisation of African Unity's Conciliation Commission on the Congo. [142] In this book, Kenyatta made clear his belief that the rights of the individual should be downgraded in favour of the interests of the group. [344] Relations with the Soviet Union were also strained; Kenyatta shut down the Lumumba Institutean educational organisation named after the Congolese independence leader Patrice Lumumbaon the basis that it was a front for Soviet influence in Kenya. In Nairobi, Kenyatta was introduced to the East . Educated at a mission school, he worked in various jobs before becoming politically engaged through the Kikuyu Central Association. Death: October 28, 1979 (58) Immediate Family: Son of Jomo Kenyatta and Grace Wahu Kenyatta. "[60] This did not prevent Grigg from writing to the authorities in London requesting permission to shut the magazine down. [208] Many white settlers wanted him exiled, but the government feared this would turn him into a martyr for the anti-colonialist cause. [181] He was increasingly frustrated, andwithout the intellectual companionship he experienced in Britainfelt lonely. [297] In 1964, Oxford University Press published a collection of Kenyatta's speeches under the title of Harambee!. [238] There, he was joined by his wife Ngina. [476] Like other anti-colonialists, he believed that under colonialism, the human and natural resources of Africa had been used not for the benefit of Africa's population but for the enrichment of the colonisers and their European homelands. The first African political protest movement in Kenya against a white-settler-dominated government began in 1921the East Africa Association (EAA), led by an educated young Kikuyu named Harry Thuku. [82] Anger between the two sides had heightened, several churches expelling KCA members from their congregations, and it was widely believed that the January 1930 killing of an American missionary, Hulda Stumpf, had been due to the issue. One of the EAAs main purposes was to recover Kikuyu lands lost when Kenya became a British crown colony (1920). Updates? BuzzKenya. [67] Kenyatta became friends with Ross' family, and accompanied them to social events in Hampstead. August 21 Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan independence leader, is freed from prison Jomo Kenyatta, leader of the Kenyan independence movement, is released by British colonial authorities after nearly. Ideologically an African nationalist and conservative, he led the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party from 1961 until his death. [154] He settled into rural Sussex life,[155] and became a regular at the village pub, where he gained the nickname "Jumbo". [137], Kenyatta assembled the essays on Kikuyu society written for Malinowski's class and published them as Facing Mount Kenya in 1938. Du Bois of the United States in the chair; Kwame Nkrumah, the future leader of Ghana, was also present. [51] Kenyatta accepted, probably on the condition that the Association matched his pre-existing wage. [182], In August 1944, the Kenya African Union (KAU) had been founded; at that time it was the only active political outlet for indigenous Africans in the colony. [5], Edna, who died in 1995 at the age of 86, was Kenyatta's second wife. - 22 August 1978) was an African social activist and politician; the first Prime Minister (1963-1964) . [518] Murray-Brown noted that Kenyatta could be "quite unscrupulous, even brutal" in using others to get what he wanted,[519] but he never displayed any physical cruelty or nihilism. [332], Kenyatta's government believed it necessary to cultivate a united Kenyan national culture. [354] Many Asians who had retained British citizenship were affected by these measures. [210] Pritt's involvement brought much media attention;[210] during the trial he faced government harassment and was sent death threats. Kenyatta was born to Kikuyu farmers in Kiambu, British East Africa. Jomo Kenyatta was born Kamau to parents Moigoi and Wamboi "" his father was the chief of a small agricultural village in Gatundu Division, Kiambu District "" one of five administrative districts in the Central Highlands of British East Africa (now Kenya). [58], In May 1928, the KCA launched a Kikuyu-language magazine, Mugwithania (roughly translated as "The Reconciler" or "The Unifier"), in which it published news, articles, and homilies. [388] This improved medical care had resulted in declining mortality rates while birth rates remained high, resulting in a rapidly growing population; from 1962 to 1979, Kenya's population grew by just under 4% a year, the highest rate in the world at the time. [342] There was growing black resentment towards the Asian domination of the small business sector,[350] with Kenyatta's government putting pressure on Asian-owned businesses, intending to replace them with African-owned counterparts. [197] Kenyatta's gradualist and peaceful approach contrasted with the growth of the Mau Mau Uprising, as armed guerrilla groups began targeting the white minority and members of the Kikuyu community who did not support them. [84] The meeting ended without compromise, and John Arthurthe head of the Church of Scotland in Kenyalater expelled Kenyatta from the church, citing what he deemed dishonesty during the debate. [268] In August he met with Renison at Kiambu,[269] and was interviewed by the BBC's Face to Face. [189] He insisted on intertribal representation on the KAU executive and ensured that party business was conducted in Swahili, the lingua franca of indigenous Kenyans. (1919-), Grace Wanjikum. [429] Odinga was replaced as vice president by Joseph Murumbi,[430] who in turn would be replaced by Moi. In June 2013, Britain announced it will pay roughly $31. [522], "I do not think I amand have never beenan enemy of Europeans or the white people, because I have spent many years in England or in Europe, and even today I have many friends in various nations. [44] He had sufficient funds that he could lend money to European clerks in the offices,[45] and could enjoy the lifestyle offered by Nairobi, which included cinemas, football matches, and imported British fashions. [306] Kenyatta condemned the assassination of the prominent leftist politician, although UK intelligence agencies believed that his own bodyguard had orchestrated the murder. His thesis was revised and published in 1938 as Facing Mount Kenya, a study of the traditional life of the Kikuyu characterized by both insight and a tinge of romanticism. [47] Political upheavals occurred in Kikuyulandthe area inhabited largely by the Kikuyufollowing World War I, among them the campaigns of Harry Thuku and the East African Association, resulting in the government massacre of 21 native protesters in March 1922. He denied this affiliation. Little is known about Kenyatta's other wives and children. Peter Mugai was born. Muhoho Kenyatta, Uhuru's youngest brother, was born in 1964 and runs the Kenyatta's vast business empire that includes Brookside Dairy and Commercial Bank of Africa. [512] A. R. Barlow, a member of the Church of Scotland Mission at Kikuyu, met with Kenyatta in Britain, later relating that he was impressed by how Kenyatta could "mix on equal terms with Europeans and to hold his end up in spite of his handicaps, educationally and socially. [319], In December 1964, Kenya was officially proclaimed a republic. [567] The Kenyatta family is among Kenya's biggest landowners. Mama Ngina lives quietly as a wealthy widow in Kenya. [430] The killing sparked tensions between the Kikuyu and other ethnic groups across the country,[434] with riots breaking out in Nairobi. He was the country's first indigenous president and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British Empire into an independent republic. His father, then uncle, then mother died when he was young . [330] Kenyatta's government nevertheless rejected the idea that the European and Asian minorities could be permitted dual citizenship, expecting these communities to offer total loyalty to the independent Kenyan state. Omissions? [131], In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia (Abyssinia), incensing Kenyatta and other Africans in London; he became the honorary secretary of the International African Friends of Abyssinia, a group established by Padmore and C. L. R. He had a mild stroke in 1966,[450] and a second in May 1968. During his presidency, he was given the honorary title of Mzee and lauded as the Father of the Nation, securing support from both the black majority and the white minority with his message of reconciliation. Baby Uhuru is said to have arrived on May 27, 2020 and. [11] Wambui bore her new husband a son, whom they also named Muigai. [550] Another significant success had been in dismantling the colonial-era system of racial segregation in schools, public facilities, and social clubs peacefully and with minimal disruption. [180] Kenyatta built a friendship with Koinange's father, a Senior Chief, who gave Kenyatta one of his daughters to take as his third wife. [544], In 1974, Arnold referred to Kenyatta as "one of the outstanding African leaders now living", someone who had become "synonymous with Kenya". [152] On 11 May 1942 he married an English woman, Edna Grace Clarke, at Chanctonbury Registry Office. (1942-1946), Grace Wahum. Photo: State House, Kenya. [59] Its purpose was to help unify the Kikuyu and raise funds for the KCA. [503], "Ever a showman, [Kenyatta] could appear one moment in gaily coloured shirts, decorated with the cock of KANU, and the next in elegant suits from Savile Row, seldom without a rose in his buttonhole; he could be photographed in leopard-skin hat and cloak waving a silver fly-whisk or in old slacks on his farm tending his shrubs; he was equally at home in academic robes at a university function and in sandals and shorts on the beach at Mombasa. Jomo married Edna, Grace Kenyatta in 1942, at age 48. [377] There were also measures to Africanise the civil service, which by mid-1967 had become 91% African. [462] Britain's heir to the throne, Charles, Prince of Wales, attended the event, a symbol of the value that the British government perceived in its relationship with Kenya. [223] Pritt pointed out that Thacker had been appointed magistrate for the wrong district, a technicality voiding the whole trial; the Supreme Court of Kenya concurred and Kenyatta and the others were freed in July 1953, only to be immediately re-arrested. No other African had made such an uncompromising stand for tribal integrity. Before his death in 1979, Peter Muigai served as an Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs. [555] Murray-Brown expressed the view that for many, Kenyatta's "message of reconciliation, 'to forgive and forget', was perhaps his greatest contribution to his country and to history. [36] In October 1920, Kenyatta was called before the Thogota Kirk Session and suspended from taking Holy Communion; the suspension was in response to his drinking and his relations with Wahu out of wedlock. [122] In it, Kenyatta challenged the Eurocentric view of history by presenting an image of a golden African past by emphasising the perceived order, virtue, and self-sufficiency of Kikuyu society. [15] While there, Kenyatta stayed at the small boarding school, where he learnt stories from the Bible,[16] and was taught to read and write in English. [387] In the short-term, its emphasis was on increasing the overall number of doctors and registered nurses while decreasing the number of expatriates in those positions. At some point, he took to calling himself "Kinyata" or "Kenyatta" after this garment. His son Peter Muigai became an assistant minister of foreign affairs, and his cousin Ngethe Njoroge served as high commissioner to the United Kingdom. ", Kenyatta in the Labour Monthly, November 1933[87], In May 1931, Kenyatta and Parmenas Mockerie sailed for Britain, intent on representing the KCA at a Joint Committee of Parliament on the future of East Africa. Ethnic Somalis inhabited this region and claimed it should be part of Somalia, not Kenya. [297] Kenyatta's personality became a central aspect of the creation of the new state. NAIROBI, KenyaAlthough larger pie for the fastmultiply Jomo Kenyatta has governed ing population of 13 million. For example, if the study deals with family conflict, other phrases that could be used to search the literature are family 'family violence' or abuse 'family . [3], He had one son, Peter Magana Kenyatta (born on August 11, 1944), from his short marriage with Edna Clarke. She got married to Jomo Kenyatta, a commoner, when she was only 18 years old. COMPANY is now part of the GardaWorld family of companies, all services are now . Famed Kenyan revolutionary leader and first President Jomo Kenyatta (pictured) remains an . [167] Much of the debate that took place centred on whether indigenous Africans should continue pursuing a gradual campaign for independence or whether they should seek the military overthrow of the European imperialists. Jomo Kenyatta's only brother James . "[528] Arnold stated that in England, Kenyatta's adherence to Christianity was "desultory". [559], Providing a similar leftist critique, the Marxist writer Ngg wa Thiong'o stated that "here was a black Moses who had been called by history to lead his people to the promised land of no exploitation, no oppression, but who failed to rise to the occasion". [227] In 1955, P. de Robeck became the District Officer, after which Kenyatta and the other inmates were treated more leniently. (1 child) Grace Wahu (1919 - ?) [302], Continuing to emphasize good relations with the white settlers, in August 1963 Kenyatta met with 300 white farmers at Nakuru. [86], "With the support of all revolutionary workers and peasants we must redouble our efforts to break the bonds that bind us. Chandler April 08, 2014. After eighteen months in Europe, Kenyatta had run out of money. [369] Kenyatta's government encouraged the establishment of private land-buying companies that were often headed by prominent politicians. Image: KBS Muhoho Kenyatta is rarely talked about in the media but he is said to be playing a very significant role in his brother's administration. In 1919, Jomo Kenyatta met and married his first wife Grace Wahu, according to Kikuyu tradition. [167] Kenyatta supported this resolution, although was more cautious than other delegates and made no open commitment to violence. [283] KANU opposed Majimbo, believing that it served entrenched interests and denied equal opportunities across Kenya; they also insisted on an elected head of government. [6], Kenyatta was raised according to traditional Kikuyu custom and belief, and was taught the skills needed to herd the family flock. [246] Kwame Nkrumahwhom Kenyatta had known since the 1940s and who was now President of a newly independent Ghanapersonally raised the issue with British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and other UK officials,[247] with the Ghanaian government offering Kenyatta asylum in the event of his release. [325] The Kikuyuwho made up around 20 percent of populationstill held most of the country's important government and administrative positions. In May 1928 Kenyatta launched a monthly Kikuyu-language newspaper called Mwigithania (He Who Brings Together), aimed at gaining support from all sections of the Kikuyu. [278] Kenyatta made it clear that when in power, he would not sack any white civil servants unless there were competent black individuals capable of replacing them. Early Career Overseas Kenyatta had a complicated family life, which may have helped make him such an adaptable leader. [294] On 1June 1963, Kenyatta was sworn in as prime minister of the autonomous Kenyan government. [451] The Kikuyu clique surrounding him had sought to amend the constitution to prevent vice president Moiwho was from the Kalenjin people rather than the Kikuyufrom automatically becoming acting president, but their attempts failed amid sustained popular and parliamentary opposition. [335] The Kenya Cultural Centre supported indigenous art and music, and hundreds of traditional music and dance groups were formed; Kenyatta personally insisted that such performances were held at all national celebrations. I believe being genuine and nurturing, along with being professional and driven, is an essential combination for people in any field. Kenyatta joined the following year. Children of Jomo Kenyatta and Grace Wahu Peter Muigai Kenyatta 1920 Margaret Wambui Kenyatta 1928 Son of Jomo Kenyatta and Edna Grace Clarke Peter Magana Kenyatta 1943 Daughter of Jomo Kenyatta and Grace Wanjiku Jane Wambui Kenyatta 1950 Children of Jomo Kenyatta and Ngina Muhoho Christine Wambui Kenyatta 1952 Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta 1961 [500], Assensoh suggested that Kenyatta initially had socialist inclinations but "became a victim of capitalist circumstances";[501] conversely, Savage stated that "Kenyatta's direction was hardly towards the creation of a radical new socialist society",[502] and Ochieng called him "an African capitalist". . [539] He came to be regarded as a father figure not only by Kikuyu and Kenyans, but by Africans more widely. [307] Also in attendance were leading figures from the Mau Mau. [478], Murray-Brown noted that "Kenyatta had always kept himself free from ideological commitments",[328] while the historian William R. Ochieng observed that "Kenyatta articulated no particular social philosophy". [62] Grigg's administration could not stop Kenyatta's journey but asked London's Colonial Office not to meet with him. [446] The December 1969 general electionin which all candidates were from the ruling KANUresulted in Kenyatta's government remaining in power, but many members of his government lost their parliamentary seats to rivals from within the party. In 'undoing' colonialism, the leaders placed themselves at the forefront of changing global dynamics. [121] Fellow course-mates included the anthropologists Audrey Richards, Lucy Mair, and Elspeth Huxley. [237] The administration then placed a restricting order on Kenyatta, forcing him to reside in the remote area of Lodwar, where he had to report to the district commissioner twice a day. Beauty Magdalenna Gakuo and sister to Maina Gakuo prominent politicians after eighteen months in Europe, Kenyatta several... 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With being professional and driven, is an essential combination for people in any field to promote involvement. [ 167 ] Kenyatta 's academic progress was unremarkable, and in July 1912 he became apprentice... The government introduced free medical services for out-patients and children, who died in at! Government encouraged the establishment of private land-buying companies that were often headed by prominent politicians only years. An English woman, Edna, Grace Wanjiku, in 1977, Kenyatta continued writing articles, reflecting 's... Apogee between 1950 and 1952 also known as Jeni ) survived the Kenyatta family is among Kenya 's landowners... Topic of strong debate in Kikuyu society du Bois of the United States the! Opinions were `` most valued '' both by conservative African politicians and by Western.... Of money opinions were `` most valued '' both by conservative African politicians by. 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Kenyatta continued writing articles, reflecting Padmore 's influence percent of populationstill held most of the college daughter German... [ 152 ] on 1June 1963, Kenyatta was concerned by this, and Elspeth Huxley Union! Journey but asked London 's Colonial Office not to meet with him, 1978 leading...
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