Natural comic timing is also a must, as is a convincing northeast English accent (check out our YouTube clips of the show, or look up clips of the Sting musical, The Last Ship). Winona Ryder on her role in Stranger Things. The meaning of INGENUE is a naive girl or young woman. Trivia: She asked for her own agent at the age of three. Maturing into a grown woman is a plot point and she's a businesswoman by the end; the childlike innocence helps her connect with like-minded children seen in the epilogue. These musicals are brilliant for a range of multi-age teenage roles, with large casts and plenty of scope for principal, supporting, and ensemble parts. Meanwhile, Little Red Riding Hood learns about the dangers of her innocent, friendly nature when she meets the cunning wolf. And bothThe Midnight LandandThe Breathing Seahave your stereotypical older, more experienced, men in them, although the love plot is subverted. in Thomas' absence, she is seduced by Cook, and quickly loses her blissful ignorant disposition as this complication comes to light, up until the end where it's revealed she might be more of a. but actually causes her to lose her voice. I completely disagree. You could go into season three cold (knowing nothing) or warm (knowing everything). Prepare for your next role by studying our expert show guides. Random . What are your strengths? When Othello was performed on December 8, 1660, the audience saw something startlinga woman acting the role of Desdemona. https://blog.stageagent.com/how-to-warm-up-before-singing/. Hes Elizabeths boyfriend, but for political reasons, they cant get married, so the queen floats the idea of him marrying Mary to tie England and Scotland together in diplomatic accord. Perhaps we can forgive a woman, nowadays, for being sexually experienced, but the idea of a fresh, virginal girl still bears an aura of desirability that an unpracticed boy does not. The eldest sister Louise loves her sister deeply but is painfully shy as a performer. Thanks, and have a great day. She is inquisitive and intuitive, enjoying touching scenes with her grandmother, Madame Armfeldt. Find performing and backstage opportunities in your city. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Russell Crowe: Female Actors Should Act Their Age", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingnue&oldid=1090947353, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2017, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 June 2022, at 09:10. Men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold. "I understand the debate about roles for women, like, my age. Oh, and to make it worse, shes Jewish. Euphemia is the only pacifist in her family of soldiers and strategists. There are a growing number of astute and caring high school directors who are finally realizing that this musical is no longer appropriate for our audiences. Whether a specific stereotype is aggressive or not at first glance, they all cause similar amounts of damage in the long run. Input your search keywords and press Enter. Masculinity.The idea of masculinity is a stereotype imposed on men, as they are expected to be strong, muscular, and tall. Teenagers have been and are forever going to be facing the issues of sexuality and their own development as individuals. Yet, arguably the biggest problem with gender roles comes in the form of gender-based violence. When Dontos offers to rescue Sansa from her predicament in King's Landing, Sansa admits to be trusting him just because she's still just barely nave enough to do so. Early in their courtship, Alwyn surprises Stone in her room. But for The Dreaming Land I wanted to have an actual love story, but with the roles reversed/subverted, so a younger, innocent man and an older, femme fatale-like woman. Interestingly, in the 1980 Screen-to-Stage Adaptation, the Will They or Won't They? This password will be used to sign into all, a Vulture senior writer covering movies and pop culture, Photo: Valeria Florini/Metro Goldwyn Mayer Pictures, Liam Daniel/Focus Features, Fox Searchlight, Unerased Films, Photo: Valeria Florini/Metro Goldwyn Mayer Pictures. Which, like I said, brought up all kinds of questions. In feature . Into the Woods characters breakdowns including full descriptions with standard casting requirements and expert analysis. Then came succession of "male ingenue" roles, such as Matt in "The Fantasticks," Frederic in "The Pirates of Penzance" and Claudio in "Much Ado About Nothing" (at Hartford Stage), and on Broadway . And if you want to pick up a copy ofThe Dreaming Land II, in which Vanyas innocence is, shall we say, challenged (but his heroism comes out), you can get one, plus many books featuring men with six-pack abs, in the Summer July Hot Books giveaway. Cinderella- Into the Woods. Gender stereotypes are a set of preconceptions regarding the role of a certain gender in society. The vamp (femme fatale) is often a foil for the ingnue (or the damsel in distress). American English. Things you buy through our links may earnNew Yorka commission. Do you have any suggestions as to what accent should be done or any tips for how to hit the high notes of When your an addams and What if. As part of her daily contribution to help conserve energy, she rides her bike or takes the bus. This excerpt could be an entire scene, or just part of one. barely seems to recognize what he's feeling. (He does it to Nicholas Hoult, too, but Hoults character thinks he looks good. You know what it looks like but what is it called? Also Nina Tucker embodies innocence up until her, Pearl is stuck in a very innocent, childlike state in, A rare male example in the Angela Carter short story, The ingenue version of Christine is parodied in, Alec is a rare male example in the first 2 books of the, Shallan Davar falls under this trope near the beginning of, Parodied in one episode when Liz is growing cynical about New York. Last week I wrote about how Valya, the heroine of my upcoming releaseThe Dreaming Land, was a bad girl, both by the standards of her society and of ours. Suddenly, theres a lot of Joe Alwyns out there, and if youre among the Alwyn-curious, you may be wondering which Alwyn is the one for you. http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/TheIngenue. Show Business the role of an innocent, unworldly young woman, . She looks and acts much younger than she is, The Transformers: More than Meets the Eye, decided to try and shield her from the world, so Hugo could inherit the family estate and marry her, the events at the end of book 2, involving her stabbing a Khalidorian, Natasha, Pierre, and the Great Comet of 1812, Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Justice For All, not understanding any sexual innuendo thrown at her. When Stan Lee and Steve Ditko conceived the . There was a constant round of parties for cast changes and birthdays, and every Sunday morning, cast and crew would . If that wasnt enough, he follows up the assault by confessing hes done it before, praying and asking for Hedgess forgiveness. Any tips on how to reach the realm of Helena and really understand her? Although, at the beginning of the show, Billy cannot dance at all, by the end he must be able to perform complicated ballet and tap routines with assurance and a definite wow-factor. Though pronounced in the French manner, the word shares its roots with disingenuous, a not-uncommon English term for a calculated, dissembling quality, and ingenuous, a less-common word for a naive, frank quality. Belldandy was totally unaware of Keiichi's embarrassment at being nude in front of a group of girls and thought that Marller had hurt him. My study aims to address this gap by gaining insight on casting practices from the director's perspective. Partially because All Men Are Perverts is alive and well in our culture, there are few modern Spear Counterparts to the Ingenue that share the same characteristics and positive connotations. The whole show is in a silly, goofy mood. What do you propose to me? Women in the kitchen.One of the most common and hurtful stereotypes is that women should be the ones taking care of the cooking. The word "naif" (from same root as "naive" and "naivet") is gender neutral. An actor who embodies these characteristics and plays such roles onstage. Sexed-up schoolgirl Britney Spears is an ingnue. Accessed 1 Mar. But can you ever just be brow? Weeks after breaking her silence on the Tennessee senate election, Taylor Swift kept the ball rolling last Friday by weighing in on the fall Oscar race, urging her Instagram followers in New York and Los Angeles to see Yorgos Lanthimoss The Favourite on its opening weekend. First off I love the blog and it really helps me with my roles. In a worst-case scenario, the character will be given no personality beyond her purity and innocence. I stumbled across this post looking up the word "neophyte", which means novice or newcomer. However, actors are constantly pigeonholed into roles that objectify them to a particular type. Speaking out at work when you notice discrimination and sharing your story can be helpful both for you and the victims. Central Illinois. Baby June also needs to be able to perform gymnastic tricks. Privacy Policy and The 4 Cs of Conservatory vs College, How to Set Up an At-Home Voice Over Studio, Camp Broadway: The Summer Camp Your Theater Kid Will Love, Dear Parents: So You Are Raising a Theatre Kid, https://blog.stageagent.com/how-to-warm-up-before-singing/. TVTropes is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. And the Mary Poppins ensemble is lots of fun, with many fun numbers to perform in like Jolly Holiday and Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious. You can be lowbrow. "And hopefully that will keep happening. Thats why we wanted to share this list in the first place. Romancing poor Haley Lu Richardson, hes hardly met her father before he unleashes an anti-Semitic rant about the Jews clawing power back and taking our jobs; his idea for a great second date is taking her to a Nazi rally. While this may not sound too bad, it can lead to women being excessively burdened with social responsibilities.. Alex is from the UK and lives just outside London with her young family. Theres a blankness to Alwyn in this role thats chilling you cant quite tell if its premeditated, or if hes just instinctually cruel. Henrys an audacious emotional manipulator, but both actor and director underplay it. He is a great exponent of the male ingenue roles; the idealist with a pure heart. In many cases, the male participant is as innocent as the ingnue. By submitting your email, you agree to our Terms and Privacy Policy and to receive email correspondence from us. Both roles are incredibly fun and fast-paced. Finding age-appropriate audition tunes as a young male performer is perhaps even more challenging than it is for your female counterparts, as there are many less "ingenue"-type roles for guys . Compare Manchild, The Pollyanna, Princess Classic, The Cutie, Purity Sue, Parasol of Prettiness, Proper Lady, and the "Child" archetype of The Three Faces of Eve. Luckily, The Favourite is not a regular period piece; its a cool period piece, a biting comedy about political maneuvering in the court of Queen Anne, and a lesbian love triangle to boot. To save this word, you'll need to log in. In the 1933 film 42nd Street, Billy Lawler is a charming, fresh-faced young Broadway matinee idol who sings in a tenor voice and has a romance with The Ingenue Peggy. (and ultimately men also) to narrow roles, both in literary forms and in life. The Favourite Ineffectual Joe AlwynIf youre a young British thespian and you havent been cast in a period piece, are you really a good actor? Alwyn knows he looks ridiculous.) Season 4 gave us Marley, who fits the trope to a T. Captain Kirk and his many female conquests in, A male example (to an extent) in Jeremy Heere from, Orpheus is a male example in the Broadway version of, In Vermont, the concept album, and NYTW productions of. His daughter got an ingenue role in the new play; the role fits her . However, what about key roles for teenagers in musicals that are not specifically targeted at 11-19 year olds? Not that we should be troubled by the decline of the ingnue, which likely has less to do with our generations illiteracy than with the blurring of the once-clear Madonna/whore dichotomy. The family attended Our Lady of Good Counsel Church in Brooklyn, New York, where . Hi Mary, whilst I appreciate your comments/reservations, Grease remains a hugely popular musical that is regularly produced across the world. Eventually, different areas across all continents started rejecting colonialism, embracing new ideas regarding gender roles in society. However, there are a few general guidelines you can keep in mind. And both The Midnight Land and The Breathing Sea have your stereotypical older, more experienced, men in them, although the "love" plot is subverted. Hes everything Hedges wishes he could be, a God-fearing bro with rippling muscles and a perfect smile. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'ingenue.' To seduce a young girl, who has seen nothing, knows nothing, and would in a manner give herself up without making the least defence, intoxicated with the first homage paid to her charms, and perhaps incited rather by curiosity than love; there twenty others may be as successful as I. Your email address will not be published. Clarke was told that he showed genuine promise -- he might even have had a shot at taking the male ingenue roles for which Robert Wagner was now too old, but he blew his opportunity by getting married after graduation, and forcing himself into a dead-end personal and economic situation. The roles of women in comics during the 1960s and 70s shifted to become more diverse and began to extend past traditional roles as a result of the civil rights movement, second wave feminism, and the sexual revolution, when more women in society were taking on predominantly male professions and advocating for social rights. Quick Monologue Tips: Find a monologue that fits you and your experiences. But I do think you can get lucky with certain shows or certain directors. The women of, Sam Levinson and the Weeknd Allegedly Turned, Theres No Red Button You Can Push to Stop. Famously surly Kristen Stewart, whose celebrity romance with Robert Pattinson was ended by a fling with an older, married director, is an ingnue. Leaving her family and religion to follow her heart, the actress playing Chava must be a strong actress and dancer, as she features heavily in the dream ballet, Chavaleh (Little Bird). There is name-calling, shaming and outright bullying that occurs throughout the show in the name of getting a laugh. Enjoy the ultimate theatre research and networking platform. Male ingenues See which other Hollywood beauties seem heaven sent. Ingenue (stock character) The Ingnue (pronEng|nnu) is a stock character in literature, film, and a role type in the theatre; generally a girl or a young woman who is endearingly innocent and wholesome.. The ingnue hasnt gone extinct yet, despite the terms relative rarity in 21st-century America. Historical interpretations of Dudley have been mixed, but Mary, Queen of Scots paints him in a positive light. Later, as The Mentalist." 10. Being honest with ourselves as actors is the most important thing. Why and how does lateral transfer occur in so many species. These kinds of preconceptions are usually harmful to society yet, understanding what they are and their history is crucial to overcoming them.. An ingnue is fresh-faced and gorgeous, but we rarely pay much mind to the connotations of innocence the very same LA Times article that called Fox an ingnue also dubbed her a screen siren and a femme fatale, traditionally the photo negative of an ingnue. He sticks by Elizabeth even when shes got the pox! The term may also imply a lack of sophistication and cunning. He starts off seeking a purer life while still suffering pain for a perhaps soiled love of his wife. Delightfully enough, Valyas ingenue is really an ingenu, the innocent young man shes been assigned by the Empress to seduce into marriage. new talent. It is a great quirky, character role, also requiring strong vocals. Ingenue. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ingenue. While white women were expected to carefully guard their fragile virtues, presenting a pure and feminine package to their future husbands, women of color especially black women were generally treated as sexually knowing and available from a young age, regardless of their actual experience. What 4-way golf bags have full-length dividers fastened along all 4 edges, not just top and bottom? If youre going to look at the role of Billy in this heart-warming, funny musical, you should also think about the role of Michael. Antonyms for ingnue. Get Word of the Day delivered to your inbox! This needs to come through in her performance and the role requires strong acting skills, as well as confident vocals and (deliberately wooden) dancing. As Samuel Masham, one of the guys orbiting the trio of leading ladies, Alwyn is harmlessly vestigial to the action. Which brings up some interesting questions for an author, such as: how do you write a male ingenue? Even queer satires need a straight man. Covering Rammsteins Du Hast in Berlin. But the definition has become diffuse and slippery. How should we pronounce the word "ingenue" Male equivalent of an ingenue tripping ingenue. more masculine. JavaScript is disabled. Finally, hes playing a relatively normal male-ingenue role: Robert Dudley, favorite of Elizabeth I (who you may remember as the guy Joseph Fiennes played in Elizabeth). Often Trivia: Was trained as a dental assistant before making it big. And for a teen, the transition can be hard finding roles that suit your age. (He nags Stone to give him some conjugal affection; she keeps plotting while giving him a half-hearted hand job.). acquaintances, as surrogate big brothers or sisters. However, there is a large ensemble in this musical, offering lots of opportunities for developing your musical theater training. The ingnue usually lives with her father, husband, or a father figure. These are some of the most common gender stereotypes. What are the Easy Home Remedies To Reduce Weight? The ingnue (UK: /nju, -en-/, US: /n(d)nju, n-/, French:[eny] (listen)) is a stock character in literature, film and a role type in the theater, generally a girl or a young woman, who is endearingly innocent. Wednesday, an 18-year-old girl, is smart, temperamental, and impulsive. This way, many movements came together, merging political and economic claims, along with gender-related ideas. The term comes from the feminine form of the French adjective ingnu meaning "ingenuous" or innocent, virtuous and candid. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Experts often discuss the origin of gender roles while many attribute them to biological factors, others point out that it all comes from sociological aspects. An ingnue . Vincent Price is a horror icon whose many roles in B-movies often overshadow his skills as a performer. To make matters worse, her mother never explains, and she dies of a botched abortion without ever having learned the truth, the Ven in the flashback is shown to be largely, losing Shepard and the Normandy, going through hell and high water to recover Shepard's body and pursuing a vendetta against the Shadow Broker for trying to sell said body to the Collectors that killed him/her. Or would this be confused with "candid" (frank, open, plain-spoken)? These characters are particularly prone to the Caged Bird Metaphor. Casting a woman was quite new. Drake, Alfred (b. He later joined the Pasadena Playhouse, specializing in male ingenue roles, and was seen there in the play Masque of Kings by author Maxwell Anderson, who encouraged him to continue in his acting career. Lily- Secret Garden (Maybe a little older, but still ingenue-y) Lady Larken- Once Upon a Mattress. Consider this your handy guide. Gender roles perpetuate inequality and greatly affect minorities that may not be in a position to reject these stereotypes. The term may also imply a lack of sophistication and cunning. After playing his last heel in The Apartment in 1960, MacMurray then finished off his career starring once again as the older Mr. Nice Guy in Disney comedies and, of course, as the Perfect Father on My Three Sons. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Trivia: Doesn't own a car. Ingnue may also refer to a new young actress or one typecast in such roles. *Sorry, there was a problem signing you up. For an ostensibly famous man, his star image is a completely blank slate. A young actress with a promising career ahead of her. 2003, Juan Francisco Elices Agudo, "The Role of the Ingenu in the Construction of a Postcolonial Anti-War Satire: Ken Saro-Wiwa's Sozaboy", in Ignacio Miguel Palacios Martnez, Mara Jos Lpez Couso, Patricia Fra Lpez, Elena Seoane Posse, editors, Fifty Years of English Studies in Spain (1952-2002): A Commemorative Volume, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, page 565: It is subverted particularly brilliantly when, Ironically, the character closest to The Ingenue would be. Outside of the Glee club, Emma is something of a modern-day Deconstruction of The Ingenue. type. It sounds like a fun . Alwyn plays Henry, a college buddy of Lucas Hedgess character, initially presented as a perfect specimen of modern manhood. Never trust an Aryan goy from Argentina, girls! We are doing Midsummer Nights Dream but a musical version and set in1969(our directors write their own shows). A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Its nun versus AI in Damon Lindelofs new series. The closest equivalents for male characters would be Tenor Boy, which is specific to theater, or Manchild, which is often viewed as immature and emotionally weak, with the emphasis being more on the lack of adult traits in the manchild versus their childlike purity. Mostly, men were expected to present themselves in public spheres, such as politics and business. Shirley is the nicest girl in the series and only peripherally connected to the war theme. Partially because All Men Are Perverts is alive and well in our culture, there are few modern Spear Counterparts to the Ingenue that share the same characteristics and positive connotations. The word ingenue typically refers to someone who is innocent to the ways of the world, so you probably won't be too surprised to learn that it shares an ancestorLatin ingenuuswith ingenuous, a word meaning "showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness." The Ingenuenotepronounced ON-jeh-noo is a young virginal woman with the purity of a child. Ingenious describes people who are unusually inventive or clever, and things that are made or done in an especially original or clever way. Nice huh? Banging on his window . He may be a Nazi, but at least hes a stupid one. She also misses Keiichi's hints about moving their relationship forward sexually, such as when they were standing in front of the love motel during an Urd-created rainstorm. In 1895, a 22-year-old secretary at a French camera company rises through the ranks to become the first female director in history. Which Joe Alwyn Is Right for You This Fall? Sliding Scale of Idealism Versus Cynicism, that share the same characteristics and positive connotations, hasn't gotten past second base with the boyfriend she's lived with for years, remorselessly blow your head off in revenge. Gender stereotyping is still prevalent across modern societies, as Victorian gender roles havent fully disappeared yet. Her mother Appollionia actively prevented her from interacting with the strippers and other performers, and her few social contacts (Appollionia, Jonesy, Samson, and Libby) are very protective of her and actively discourage attempts to explore her sexuality. Finally, he's playing a relatively normal male-ingenue role: Robert Dudley, favorite of Elizabeth I (who you may remember as the guy Joseph Fiennes played in Elizabeth). Unfortunately, her innocence also means she can't tell the difference between a true gentleman and a rake who will ruin her purity and leave her in shame. 2. Do you enjoy harmony singing and fun, challenging choreography? He must have a strong tenor singing voice and effective stage presence to wreak his revenge on Sweeney Todd at the end of the show. A young actress in a theatre troupe is often called an ingenue, as she is frequently cast in this role. All rights reserved. Women were expected to stay at home, taking care of the private sphere.. Trivia: Doesn't own a car. (LogOut/ Join your children for an activity thats not usually associated with your gender if youre a man, you could try getting your nails done with your daughter. The Victorian era, which comprises most of the 19th century, was characterized by strong ideas regarding the roles of each gender in society. Jessica Yu Li Henwick is an English actress. I have recently been given the role of pugsley in The Addams Family Musical and I am thrilled. Laura Editor, Often, suitable roles for 12-14 year olds can be some of the more difficult to find as you are transitioning from child to teen parts. Some actors also refer to background roles as extras or atmosphere actors. star in the making. Theme music by Joshua Stamper 2006 New Jerusalem Music/ASCAP. Jan 13, 2017. Funeral H. unknown. The roles of Baby June and Baby Louise are great, fun roles for two talented youngsters. Marx, in his theory, saw all humans as equal, without regard for gender or class.. Typically, the ingenue is beautiful, gentle, sweet, virginal, and often nave, in mental or emotional danger, or even physical danger, usually a target of "The Cad"; whom she may . Gender roles in society means how we're expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. Learn a new word every day. and more. Overcoming the gender roles assigned to you can be a difficult task yet, its an important step to avoid feeling oppressed by these topics. (never was). Mostly, hes a clotheshorse, as Lanthimos has a lot of fun piling ridiculous 18th-century fashions on top of Alwyns Ken-doll good looks. Vocally, she needs to have a strident, babyish voice, and the stage presence to lead a staged, dance routine. Definitions for Male (adjective) of, relating to, or marked by qualities traditionally associated with men (noun) an adult male human being . He is slightly immature for his age Anyone who can speak six languages fluently is an inspiration in my book. The sexually and racially restrictive archetype has always been troubling. In the years since Reynolds umbrella-danced with Gene Kelly, it seems American readers have forgotten about the ingnue. breaking her silence on the Tennessee senate election. I was always into physical theater and I trained in opera; then I took a clowning course, and that completely changed my work. Typically, the ingenue is beautiful, gentle, sweet, virginal, and often nave, in mental or emotional danger rather than physical danger, usually a target of The Cad; whom she may have mistaken for The Hero. She also rocks a bunny suit like no other. If so, youll have a great time in Mary Poppins! What are Audition Sides? Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available from thestaff@tvtropes.org. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The Singing Shore II: Sky and Stone is outnow! Sandy- Grease (Should have belt/mix as well) Glinda- Wicked (Need a . She gets a BSOD from stepping on what she thinks is a live snake because she thinks she hurt it. The portrait of him sketched on Reputation lacks the emotional rawness of the Jake Gyllenhaal figure in Red, or the dream-boy heroics of the Harry Styles character on 1989. Please, PLEASE eliminate Grease from your list of musicals worthy of any mention. He made it to New York and it was in a production of My Sister Eileen, in the role of one of the "six future admirals" from Brazil, that he . When I moved to New York, I wasn't usually cast in comedies - I was young and pretty, so I got the male ingenue roles. An innocent-looking young woman steps off a bus, and enthusiastically asks: "say, where does a young prostitute go to get a start in this city? Was I going to go with that storyline? exhibit sensuality without really knowing it. Depending on the . Find a character or situation that you can relate too. You are also agreeing to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Mary, Queen of Scots Lover Boy Joe AlwynWhile he hasnt quite found his star-making project, weve at least learned one thing about Alwyn this fall: Hes clearly not afraid of taking on an unpleasant role. These kinds of preconceptions are usually harmful to society yet . The music alone is fine but time for this production to be gone. I got cast as Helena. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); E. P. Clark: Author, Book Reviewer, and All-Around Literary Handiwoman, The Breathing Sea II: Drowning Press Release, The Breathing Sea I: Burning Press Release.
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