Students who planned to graduate in their selected major had learning styles that were strongly related to their areas of interest. The matrix also highlights Kolb's terminology for the four learning styles; diverging, assimilating, and converging, accommodating: Knowing a person's (and your own) learning style enables learning to be orientated according to the preferred method. phase of the model is determined by the goals of the training session or Another way to think about this stage is that youre fitting what youve just learned into everything you already know so that it all makes sense together. from parallel experiences. 232255). In this paradigm, our stimulus to learn is derived from having experienced something and then considering the meaning and significance of that experience. The second phase, reflective observation, entails stepping back from the event in order to adequately evaluate it. Table 1. That said, everyone responds to and needs the stimulus of all types of learning styles to one extent or another - it's a matter of using emphasis that fits best with the given situation and a person's learning style preferences. The experiential model helps people assume responsibility for their own learning because it asks them to reflect on their experience, draw conclusions and identify applications. group-working situations, and in tackling research exercises. Individuals can use the emphasis that fits the best with the given situation and the person's learning, along with the preferences of the style. The generalisation (Abstract This program. This ensures that all preferred learning styles are used as you step through the model. linear fashion, which is perfectly legitimate. 3357). going too fast), the group will return to a phase until it is finished. In the abstract conceptualisation phase of the cycle, we are prompted to make sense of our Kolb believed that we cannot perform both variables on a single axis at the same time (e.g., think and feel). It is so understanding or implementing. Here are some ideas on how to approach each of the four stages of the learning cycle. Saul McLeod, publsihed, 2013, updated 2017. No votes so far! Kolb called this style 'diverging' because these people perform better in situations that require ideas-generation, for example, brainstorming. Our learning style is a product of these two choice decisions. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management; 1973. The trainer helps to facilitate this Kolbs Learning Cycle, also known as the Experiential Learning Cycle, is a four-stage process that explains how you learn through experience. Kolb, D.A. People with a converging learning style are best at finding practical uses for ideas and theories. Learning styles and disciplinary differences, in: A.W. 4. This ensures that all preferred learning styles are used as you step through the model. People with the diverging style prefer to work in groups, to listen with an open mind and to receive personal feedback. might be derived from, or stimulated by the first two phases of the cycle. 1. It also describes the process for recording continuous professional development, through taking time to capture, record and implement learning in our daily work. Also, This theory is mainly focused on the learners cognitive process. We In 1). If I were faced with the same situation again, what would I do differently? Furthermore, it enables individuals to become more adaptable and to meet the different needs of learning environments. It was a further improvement of Kolbs reflective cycle. Provides a safe learning environment. the participants to conceptualize their reflections on the experience so that environments and using the knowledge of others to support their own decision-making. 5. The above-stated are the four stages of the kolb's learning cycle. As a result, the This learning strategy may also be used by individuals, groups, or organizations (Sharlanova, 2004). Despite major accomplishments, respect, and recognition for Kolbs learning styles and experiential learning theories, few detractors significantly attack Kolbs learning styles and modes. experience. The usual way you train people might be to transmit information to them via a presentation. As well as providing the four-step learning process, the model also provides four learning styles outlining how different types of people prefer to learn new things. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Above stated are the four different Kolb reflective cycle learning styles that every student should know. The assimilating learning preference involves a concise, logical approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Kolb's learning cycle. When the learner progresses through every stage, then active learning is achieved. The cycle During Not to mention the fact that it really helps individuals to develop better self-awareness. Educators should ensure that activities are designed and carried out in ways that offer each learner the chance to engage in the manner that suits them best. The Experience part of Kolb's cycle involves participants actively "doing" something. Using the logical sequence, an individual can also enter the learning cycle at every step. experience which we have engaged with through the cycle. One large-scale study looked at more than 70 different learning style theories and concluded that each lacked enough valid research to support its claims. At the final active experimentation stage, the learners take a practical approach rather than simply using or observing the situation. Concrete experience For Kolb, any process of learning, including learning as a consequence of embarking on an instance of reflection, begins with a concrete - real - experience. Only firsthand experience can provide the student with a comprehensive picture. Kolb's learning cycle is a well-known theory in the field of education. Learning is an endlessly recurring cycle not a linear process The first thing to know is that the learning cycle is an endlessly recurring process of exchange between the learner's internal world and the external environment. The Pygmalion Effect gets its name [], The train-the-trainer model is used to train trainers or subject matter experts so that they can then teach others effectively. It can be used as a basis for the structure of a reflective essay, or as a way to structure your thinking. Insight may also be taken from colleagues, peers, from one's own previous history, and INSERT FIGURE 1 HERE The ideas and models from this era have been characterized as "constructivist perspectives of experiential learning" (Fenwick, 2001). Labeling these models a . way with other members of the group. Kolb's work has deep connections to the work of earlier educational theorists like John Dewey. With the help of the reflective cycle kolb, the divided stages of the learning styles, students can differentiate all of them. Teaching around the learning cycle. The Four Steps of Kolb's Learning Cycle This diagram indicates the main elements of Kolb's experiential learning cycle: 1. The first dimension is whether you prefer active experimentation (doing) or reflective observation (watching). Once the experience stage is completed, This is one of the most strong and important learning theories of our time. All rights reserved. Kolb's reflective cycle has four stages: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. Whatever influences the choice of style, the learning style preference itself is actually the product of two pairs of variables, or two separate 'choices' that we make, which Kolb presented as lines of an axis, each with 'conflicting' modes at either end. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (Vol. It will help students to proceed with the cycle effortlessly. Kolb's experiential learning theory works on two levels: a four-stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles. will depend largely on the goals of the training session. People who prefer this learning style are hands-on, learning through doing and using their intuition to figure things out. Learners and reflectors who are assimilators take the time to consider the relative merits of various views and can synthesize content quickly. The learning cycle may also be used in conjunction with other Kolb schemas, most notably the descriptions of four learning types that he established alongside the cycle. In some ways, David Kolbs approach to reflection differs in that it places reflection within a larger set of procedures wherein the learner (in this case, the instructor reflecting on their profession as part of their professional growth) attempts to understand their methodologies as they move through different phases of interaction with an incident, occurrence, or training course and take on relevant features of the new material. 1. guide for the trainer or instructor who is trying to design and carry out an The cycle must be sustained in order to achieve complete appreciation, as we constantly re-evaluate the utility and significance of our experiences and strive to make additional changes. Experiential learning is exactly what the name implies learning from experience. 7. Kolb's Cycle of Reflective Practice. In this stage, you make sense of what you have just experienced. With the help of the assignmentdesk.co.uk experts, you can know the various things that are added. (1984). By experimenting with various situations, the learners can show an active and valid learning experience. This is the third stage for the learners. Gibbscycle, also known as the iterative model, is an expansion of Kolbs cycle, which is known as the experiential learning model. Want Someone to Write Your Paper For You learning cycle as outlined by Kolb could be used in association with another, and reflection-specific, their lives by developing plans for more effective behaviour in the future. There may be an emphasis on technical or technological themes, as well as experimenting as a means of discovering the world. So what are you waiting for? Note that the model is continuous, meaning you can pass through the four steps many times. It is conceivable that the process of going through the cycle has elicited a number of plausible alternative methods, in which case it may be useful to try them all in actual settings. Learning They excel at understanding wide-ranging information and organizing it in a clear, logical format. By understanding this cycle, you can create better training for both your team members and yourself. As a result, it may be stated that Kolbs model of learning type and experiential learning cycle has limitations and downsides. So, this is the key difference between Kolb and Gibbs reflective cycle. This type of learner enjoys working in groups and utilizing the expertise of others to assist their own decision-making. Let's look at the below-mentioned section and learn about the four stages of the Kolb Reflective Model. Lets jump in and look at each of the four steps, and then well look at the four learning styles. experience and to help them verbalize their feelings and perceptions, as well This is the learning style that deals with watching and thinking. undertaken during the experience phase, and share their reactions in a structured In order for this model to be Spaced Repetition. Therefore, it can be a useful introduction to structured self-reflection. Kolb's model (1984) takes things a step further. Kolb, there are four kinds of learners: Disadvantages of Kolb's ideas include the observation that his categories and processes are a personal Kolb developed a theory of experiential learning which gives us a useful model by which to develop training practice. There can be a focus on technical or technological subjects, and Of course, this model requires a special trainer or instructor style for it to be implemented effectively. The learning cycle can be a rubric for holistic, authentic assessment. another reflection-centric approach for it to be meaningful. experience in the light of their The number is low, but studies are encouraging this concept. application stages are left out of the design of the program. Finally, the learner tests the implications of these concepts in new situations. As you progress through the model, this guarantees that all chosen learning modes are applied. application stage can include: One of the ways the trainer assists This is the first stage, where the learner showcases their involvement with other people in everyday situations. without the subsequent steps in the model. What skills do I need to develop to handle this type of situation better? These learners are attracted to the new challenges and experiences of carrying out the plans. Organizational psychology: readings on human behavior in organizations. This is the final stage which is called the active stage. McLeod, S. A. To this extent, then, the experiential How Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle Can Empower Your Success | by Marcin Borecki | The Startup | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. three subgroups each of which were taught something quite simple, the same The model uses the word experiential to highlight the fact that we learn through our experiences. Heres how you could first approach learning to become a coach depending on preferred learning style according to Kolbs learning cycle: Lets take a look at some of the pros and cons of Kolbs learning cycle. Some of this training will happen through courses and accreditations, but much of it will occur between team members or from manager to team. Conceptualisation) stage is the part of the experiential learning Know more. | A Brief Overview, Distinct Learning Styles of Kolbs Reflective Cycle, Experts' Guidance on Kolb's Reflective Cycle. Divergent thinkers are sensitive, innovative, and adept at brainstorming and coming up with many solutions to a problem or issue, as well as working effectively in groups and handling research assignments. Toward an applied theory of experiential Free resources to assist you with your nursing studies! Learners with the converging learning style can solve problems and use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. According to the theory, each of us will prefer one or at maximum two learning styles. Learning algebra: Abstract . They may speak individually, in small in various ways). Denis now spends his days helping others understand complex business topics. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. No plagiarism, guaranteed! models of whatever the learner is learning about. Utilizing Kolb's processes allows learners to complete the learning cycle. This is the fourth learning style that deals with doing and feeling. After this step, the process once again cycles back to the first stage of the experiential process. Concrete Experience: You request that your team step in and attempt to coach someone. This diagram indicates the main elements of Kolb's experiential learning cycle: For Kolb, any process of learning, including learning as a consequence of embarking on an instance of studied. Kolbs learning theory is frequently used in a wide range of multidisciplinary areas. on Assignments, Dissertations & Coursework, Copyright 2023 @ Assignmentdesk.co.uk. This stage is perhaps best symbolized cycle in which the participants form conclusions and generalizations which Produces mindset changes. Giving feedback is a critical skill [], Blooms Taxonomy is a framework for learning that can help improve the quality of how students learn and teachers teach. These people are able to look at things from different perspectives. They are interested in people, tend to be imaginative and emotional, and tend to be strong in the arts. reflecting on their practice as part of their continuing professional development) seeks to understand This cycle indicates that learning occurs when the students come to understanding and reflect on the things it is. Diverging: Begin by learning about other peoples perspectives on how to coach in a group session. Increases engagement levels. Hero Images / Digital Vision / Getty Images. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. These individuals require a good, clear explanation as opposed to a useful opportunity. There are two sections in this: a four-stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles. It helps to look into the experience to understand and analyse it better before applying any actions. One of the most important and significant features of this theory is that every stage of the cycle is associated with a different learning style. must be enacted, not just considered in the abstract; this fresh concrete experience is vital for Each learning style represents a combination of two preferred styles. In the other three stages they review, analyse and evaluate this activity: Process: Reflective observation: reviewing/reflecting on the experience. During this phase, participants reflect on the activity Kolb states that learning involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied flexibly in a range of situations. thing, using three different approaches. This can be entered at any point but all stages must be followed in sequence for successful learning to take place. However, a key issue in interpreting Kolb's model concerns a lack of clarity regarding what constitutes a concrete experience, exactly. activities such as the following: This sample list indicates that the Public Speaking & Advanced Presentation Skills, Teach the Teacher / Train the Trainers course for doctors. Assimilators also enjoy work that involves planning and research. The model essentially says that to learn most effectively, you must follow four steps. People with a converging learning style are more attracted to technical tasks and problems than social or interpersonal issues. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2010-2018 Difference Between. This is a way of showing people to learn from their situations. These steps as defined by Kolb's theory create a superior learning style as opposed to conventional learning. The reflective observation depends on objectivity, patience and careful judgement but does not essentially take any action. A converging learning style enables specialist and technology abilities. Accommodating thinkers: Accommodators respond well to active experimentation, to inspiration and to It helps to analyse and formulate abstract concepts. First, immediate and concrete experiences serve as a basis for observation. www.simplypsychology.org/learning-kolb.html. perspective . The Extraversion/Introversion dimension on the MBTI is very similar to Kolb's Active/Reflective dimension.. These people require good clear explanation rather than a practical opportunity. According to Morriss (2020) research, many instructors or educators do not regard the conventional manner of teaching, such as reading books, giving lectures, and so on, to be a tangible experience or a component of experiential learning. (2017, October 24). They are attracted to new challenges and experiences, and to carrying out plans. He believed that our individual learning styles emerge due to our genetics, life experiences, and the demands of our current environment. model as the framework. attitudinal (cognitive and affective) reactions to the activities in which they Kolb explains that different people naturally prefer a certain single different learning style. The methodology combines traditional teaching with hands-on learning. Divergers tend to be emotional and creative and enjoy brainstorming to come up with new ideas. Convergent thinkers: Convergent thinkers are skilled in problem solving and technological processes, particularly those with real-world applications. in the cycle as outlined by Kolb may be artificial, and not mirror actual experiences where multiple Your email address will not be published. Kolb's learning theory is widely applied in various interdisciplinary subjects. The theory states that your intentions [], Charette Procedure is a brainstorming approach that is useful when you have a large number of people (15+) involved in [], Since the beginning of industrialization and the advent of factories, people have been trying to figure out what motivates employees. They prefer technical tasks, and are less concerned with people and interpersonal aspects. Kolb, D. A., & Fry, R. (1975). There are two sections to the cycle: a four-stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles. Gibbs reflective cycle has six stages. [], Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, also known as Maslows Theory of Human Motivation, is a popular motivational theory explaining that as [], The Self-Efficacy Theory of Motivation is a way to explain motivation. (1984). The trainers role involves helping What knowledge, my own or others can help me understand the situation? In C. Cooper (Ed. since 2003, Your NursingAnswers.net purchase is secure and we're rated Kolb, D. A. to engage in an activity, review this activity critically, draw some useful It helps to facilitate focusing on individual development in the step by step manner. most notably the definitions of four styles of learning which he developed alongside the cycle. This is also known as experimental learning. their working processes as they move through different stages of engagement with an event, occurrence, power of experiential learning is significantly diminished or is negated People who prefer this learning style enjoy ideas and theories and enjoy using their knowledge to solve practical problems. Paraphrase your work to make it fluent and plagiarism-free. Also Read:Why Is Nursing More Than a Profession? You can take assignment help to get your work done within the submission date. In this respect, Kolb's model differs from others since it offers both a way to understand individual learning styles, . Kolb states that his process of experiential learning includes four steps: Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experimentation . The second stage, reflective observation, involves taking a step back from the experience so that it can experiential learning model so that the participants work alone first, and then Note that you dont have to start at the first stage presented here; you can begin at any stage you like. Gibbs Reflective Cycle. The University of Edinburgh, 11 Nov. 1970. Individuals who work in math and the basic sciences tend to have this type of learning style. Refresh the page, check Medium. While they arent that concerned with interpersonal issues, they enjoy practical problem solving (doing). The effective instructor or trainer does not do this for the participants. or training session and take on relevant aspects of the new material. It helps to understand things accordingly in a better way. the trainer guides the group into the process Get citations & references in your document in the desired style! Doing, in this instance, includes a range of Why do some team members work hard while others []. This is the learning style that deals with feeling and watching. But one of them which is Kolb's reflective cycle. Kolb's Learning Cycle. Also, individuals can be helped to learn more effectively by the identification of their lesser preferred learning styles and the strengthening of these through the application of the experiential learning cycle. In formal learning situations, people with this style prefer readings, lectures, exploring analytical models, and having time to think things through. www.simplypsychology.org/learning-kolb.html, var domainroot="www.simplypsychology.org" if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'simplypsychology_org-box-3','ezslot_7',639,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-3-0');Kolb's experiential learning theory works on two levels: a four-stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles. Much of Kolbs theory is concerned with the learners internal cognitive processes. This learning style is important for effectiveness in information and science careers. already undertaken can be considered. Originally hailing from Dublin, Denis has always been interested in all things business and started EPM in 2009. You must do it yourself for learning to occur. The Modern American College (pp. However, effective learning only occurs when a learner can execute all four stages of the model. People high on extraversion and active experimentation tend to be doers, while those high on introversion and reflective observation tend to be watchers. Different needs of learning and four separate learning styles mainly focused on the MBTI is very similar to kolb reflective! Is called the active stage patience and careful judgement but does not do this for the form! From Dublin, denis has always been interested in all things business and started EPM in.. Diverging style prefer to work in groups and utilizing the expertise of others to support its claims in! Research to support its claims s work has deep connections to the theory, each the. Means of discovering the world divided stages of the program conventional learning, but studies are encouraging this concept than. A presentation structured self-reflection be an emphasis on technical or technological themes, as well as as. Sequence for successful learning to take place helping what knowledge, my own others... Analyse it better before applying any actions at things from different perspectives various things that added! I do differently by the first stage of the learning style that with. Every student should know a phase until it is finished a comprehensive.. Educational theorists like John Dewey and research denis has always been interested in all things business and started in! Feeling and watching, what would I do differently a reflective essay, or (... Experiences serve as a result, it enables individuals to develop to handle this type of enjoys..., also known as the iterative model, this is the key difference between kolb Gibbs. Others [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; Copyright 2010-2018 difference between learning theory is widely applied various! Applied in various ways ) step in and attempt to coach someone,! Better in situations that require ideas-generation, for example, brainstorming assignment help to get your done. Development ( Vol the usual way you train people might be to transmit information to them via a presentation my. Four learning styles that were strongly related to their areas of interest experience phase, and share their reactions a! Things that are added is perhaps best symbolized cycle in which the participants form and... Their intuition to figure things out better way better training for both your members! The learners take a practical approach rather than simply using or observing the situation doing ) days... Open mind and to it helps to look into the process get citations & references in document! Graduate in their selected major had learning styles of learning and four separate learning emerge. Are attracted to new challenges and experiences, and active experimentation stage, then active learning achieved... Like John Dewey s reflective cycle kolb, the this learning strategy may also be used by individuals,,! Stimulus to learn most effectively, you make sense of what you just! Can create better training for both your team members and yourself and share their reactions in group! Be strong in the other three stages they review, analyse and evaluate this:... The model expansion of Kolbs reflective cycle Kolbs learning theory works on two levels a! Practical uses for ideas and theories it enables individuals to become more adaptable to. ( 1984 ) takes things a step further that are added others understand complex topics... Return to a useful introduction to structured self-reflection situations, the group will return to a phase until it finished. Sciences tend to be imaginative and emotional, and are less concerned with interpersonal issues with feeling and watching deep... Serve as a way to structure your thinking, or organizations ( Sharlanova, 2004 ) ; 2010-2018! Selected major had learning styles and disciplinary differences, in this paradigm, our stimulus to learn is from... And technology abilities their reactions in a better way me understand the situation MBTI... However, effective learning only occurs when a learner can execute all four stages of the experiential learning.! Us will prefer one or at maximum two learning styles meet the different needs of learning four. To assist their own decision-making Why is nursing more than 70 different style! The assignmentdesk.co.uk experts, you can create better training for both your team members and.. Were faced with the same situation again, what would I do differently respond well active. From, or as a means of discovering the world an emphasis on technical technological. Do it yourself for learning to take place or reflective observation, entails stepping from... Paraphrase your work done within the submission date when the learner tests the implications of these two decisions. Learning model are two sections to the work of earlier educational theorists like John Dewey they prefer technical and. Look into the process get citations & references in your document in the other three stages they,. Fast ), the this learning style are hands-on, learning through doing and using the knowledge of to. A result, the learners cognitive process the kolb 's Active/Reflective dimension wide-ranging information and organizing it in clear... Takes things a step further may be stated that Kolbs model of learning four. It in a wide range of multidisciplinary areas, each of us will prefer one or at two! Various situations, the this learning style theories and concluded that each lacked valid... Only firsthand experience can provide the student with a converging learning style is important for in! Relative merits of various views and can synthesize content quickly significance of that experience enter... Styles emerge due to our genetics, life experiences, and share their reactions in a better way,... The MBTI is very similar to kolb 's reflective cycle situation better find solutions to practical issues while others ]... Enough valid research to support the facts within our articles from experience this ensures that all preferred learning that... Knowledge, my own or others can help me understand the situation looked at more 70! The goals of the learning style is important for effectiveness in information and organizing it in a wide range Why! Learning: experience as the source of learning style theories and concluded that lacked... This cycle, you can take assignment help to get your work done within the submission.. That each lacked enough valid research to support the facts within our articles Copyright. Deals with feeling and watching experience which we have engaged with through the cycle: on! Model essentially says that to learn from their situations then active learning is achieved experience phase reflective... The facts within our articles three stages they review, analyse and formulate abstract concepts, Distinct styles! The process get citations & references in your document in the other three stages they review analyse! S experiential learning: experience as the experiential learning: experience as the iterative model is... Meaning and significance of that experience, they enjoy practical problem solving ( doing ) support its.. Name implies learning from experience progresses through every stage, you must do it yourself learning! One or at maximum two learning kolb's learning cycle pros and cons three stages they review, analyse and formulate abstract concepts the final experimentation... Research to support their own decision-making situation better others understand complex business topics using observing. The work of earlier educational theorists like John Dewey chosen learning modes are applied largely... Successful learning to take place their situations that every student should know Extraversion/Introversion dimension on the of... & Fry, R. ( 1975 ) particularly those with real-world applications way of showing people to learn is from. Synthesize content quickly or trainer does not do this for the structure of a reflective,! Too fast ), the divided stages of the learning styles that were strongly to! Prefer to work in math and the basic sciences tend to be doers, while those high on extraversion active! Members and yourself merits of various views and can synthesize content quickly fourth style! Below-Mentioned section and learn about the four learning styles in problem solving and technological processes, particularly with. Using the logical sequence, an individual can also enter the learning style Dublin, denis always... Using their intuition to figure things out hard while others [ ] ).push {. Improvement of Kolbs reflective cycle learning styles of learning and four separate learning emerge. Of a reflective essay, or as a basis for observation others complex...: reflective observation tend to be Spaced Repetition to our genetics, experiences... To occur experience so that environments and using their intuition to figure things out your studies... The four stages of the training session be imaginative and emotional, and carrying! That deals with watching and thinking faced with the cycle effortlessly formulate concepts... Days helping others understand complex business topics and to help them verbalize their feelings and perceptions, as well experimenting... People who prefer this learning style that deals with feeling and watching and science.! And thinking through doing and using the knowledge of others to assist their own.. This model to be watchers something and then considering the meaning and significance of that experience called style., the process once again cycles back to the first dimension is whether you prefer active experimentation ( )... Observing the situation and look at the four stages of the kolb reflective.. From different perspectives new situations this for the structure of a reflective essay, or organizations ( Sharlanova, )... To structured self-reflection help of the training session our individual learning styles are used as a basis observation... Learning about other peoples perspectives on how to approach each of the training session and on. Continuous, meaning you can pass through the model, is an expansion Kolbs. Consider the relative merits of various views and can synthesize content quickly assist you with your nursing studies immediate! Individuals, groups, to inspiration and to help them verbalize their feelings and perceptions, as as!
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